search
HomeDevelopment ToolscomposerDetailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism

The following tutorial column of composer will introduce the composer automatic loading mechanism from shallow to deep. I hope it will be helpful to friends in need!

Detailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism

Preface

Because for composer automatically The only memory left in the loading mechanism is "spl_auto???" and "deriving file paths based on namespace". . . Still incomplete. .

I wanted to collect a detailed explanation online, but I couldn’t find an article that fits my opinion of "from the simplest to the deeper".

So I have this note.

The following knowledge points are coming soon:

1. Learn about spl_autoload_register
2. The story of composer update
3. Track the automatic loading of composer

Text

1. Learn about spl_autoload_register

First check the official php manual:


Detailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism(You can just look at the red part if you are lazy)

Is that right? Seemingly ignorant?

Let’s translate it in vernacular:

If we create a new class, we must first require or include the class file. If it is not loaded, an error will be reported. This creates a problem: in this case, the header of the file is full of requirements and includes, which is obviously not in line with the programmer's need to be "lazy".

In order to create a new class normally without requiring or including a class file, an automatic loading mechanism has emerged. The spl_autoload_register function is specifically designed to do this.

From the screenshot, we know that this function has three parameters:

ParametersDetailed explanationautoload_functionFill in here is the name of a ***"function"***, a string or an array. The function of this function is to load the file that needs new Require or include as much as possible to avoid reporting errors when using new. To put it simply, you need to encapsulate a ***function that automatically loads files***throwWhen the automatically loaded function cannot be registered, whether to throw ExceptionprependWhether to add the function to the head of the function queue, if true, it is the head, otherwise the tail

来一波代码,印象深刻一些:

//文件 testClass.php ,即将new的类
class TestClass{
    public function __construct() {
        echo '你已经成功new了我了';
    }
}

//文件autoloadDemo.php文件
spl_autoload_register('autoLoad_function', true, true);
function autoLoad_function($class_name){
    echo "所有的require或者include文件工作都交给我吧!\r\n";
    $class_filename = "./{$class_name}.php";
    echo "我来加载{$class_filename}文件\r\n";
    require_once("./{$class_name}.php");
}
$obj_demo = new TestClass();

输出:

所有的require或者include文件工作都交给我吧!
我来加载testClass.php文件
你已经成功new了我了

明白了这个加载的原理,看下文就顺利多了。

2.composer update发生的故事

将自动加载之前,必须要先说一下composer update,这里头承载了自动加载的前提。

composer项目都包含一个composer.json的配置文件。
Detailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism
这里头有一个关键的字段"autoload",包含psr-4和files两个字段。

psr-4:说明是基于psr-4规范的类库,都支持自动加载,只要在后面的对象中以**“命名空间:路径”**的方式写入自己的类库信息即可。
files:这就就更直接了,写入路径就自动加载。

按照以上配置每回composer update之后呢,都会更新一个很重要的文件:./vender/composer/autoload_psr4.php。
Detailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism

这个文件只做了一件事情:把命名空间和文件路径对应起来,这样后续自动加载就有映射根据了。

3.追踪一下composer的自动加载

composer的故事从唯一的一个require说起:

require '../vendor/autoload.php'

这个脚本执行了一个函数:

ComposerAutoloaderInitd9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87::getLoader()

继续跟getloader函数做了什么?

public static function getLoader() {
   if (null !== self::$loader) {
        return self::$loader;
    }

    spl_autoload_register(array('ComposerAutoloaderInitd9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87', 'loadClassLoader'), true, true);
    self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader();
    spl_autoload_unregister(array('ComposerAutoloaderInitd9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87', 'loadClassLoader'));

    $useStaticLoader = PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && !defined('HHVM_VERSION') && (!function_exists('zend_loader_file_encoded') || !zend_loader_file_encoded());
    if ($useStaticLoader) {
        require_once __DIR__ . '/autoload_static.php';

        call_user_func(\Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInitd9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87::getInitializer($loader));
    } else {
        $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_namespaces.php';
        foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
            $loader->set($namespace, $path);
        }

        $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_psr4.php';
        foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
            $loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path);
        }

        $classMap = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_classmap.php';
        if ($classMap) {
            $loader->addClassMap($classMap);
        }
    }

    $loader->register(true);

    if ($useStaticLoader) {
        $includeFiles = Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInitd9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87::$files;
    } else {
        $includeFiles = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_files.php';
    }
    foreach ($includeFiles as $fileIdentifier => $file) {
        composerRequired9b31141b114fcbee3cf55d0e97b7f87($fileIdentifier, $file);
    }

    return $loader;
}

这个函数主要做了两件事情:
1.将各种存有命名空间和文件映射关系的文件autoload_xxx.php加载了进来,并作了一些处理(比如:setPsr4将相关映射加载了进去,这个留意下,下文会有呼应。)。
2.注册了函数register

继续跟踪register做了什么:

public function register($prepend = false) {
   spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'loadClass'), true, $prepend);
}

原来调用了spl_autoload_register函数,当类没加载的时候使用loadClass来加载类。(这个前文讲的很清楚了,应该很熟了)

继续跟踪loadClass实现:

public function loadClass($class) {
	if ($file = $this->findFile($class)) {
		includeFile($file);
		return true;
	}
}

大概可以看出,是做了文件的include。
继续跟踪下是怎么查找文件的,看findFile函数:

public function findFile($class) {
    // class map lookup
    if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) {
        return $this->classMap[$class];
    }
    if ($this->classMapAuthoritative || isset($this->missingClasses[$class])) {
        return false;
    }
    if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
        $file = apcu_fetch($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $hit);
        if ($hit) {
            return $file;
        }
    }

    $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.php');

    // Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM
    if (false === $file && defined('HHVM_VERSION')) {
        $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.hh');
    }

    if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
        apcu_add($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $file);
    }

    if (false === $file) {
        // Remember that this class does not exist.
        $this->missingClasses[$class] = true;
    }

    return $file;
}

这个函数做了一件事:就是寻找类从上文的autoload_xxx.php初始化的数据中来寻找映射的文件路径。
其中这个函数findFileWithExtension,适用于寻找psr-4规范的文件的映射信息的。

继续跟踪findFileWithExtension:

private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext) {
    // PSR-4 lookup
    $logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, '\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;

    $first = $class[0];
    if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) {
        $subPath = $class;
        while (false !== $lastPos = strrpos($subPath, '\\')) {
            $subPath = substr($subPath, 0, $lastPos);
            $search = $subPath.'\\';
            if (isset($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search])) {
                $pathEnd = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $lastPos + 1);
                foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search] as $dir) {
                    if (file_exists($file = $dir . $pathEnd)) {
                        return $file;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // PSR-4 fallback dirs
    foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) {
        if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) {
            return $file;
        }
    }

    // PSR-0 lookup
    if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, '\\')) {
        // namespaced class name
        $logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1)
            . strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    } else {
        // PEAR-like class name
        $logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
    }

    if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) {
        foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) {
            if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
                foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
                    if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
                        return $file;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // PSR-0 fallback dirs
    foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) {
        if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
            return $file;
        }
    }

    // PSR-0 include paths.
    if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) {
        return $file;
    }

    return false;
}

这个函数做了件事:将命名空间\类这样的类名,转换成目录名/类名.php这样的路径,再从前文setPsr4设置的映射信息中寻找映射信息,然后完成返回路径。

至此composer的自动加载机制结束。

The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of composer automatic loading mechanism. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
This article is reproduced at:csdn. If there is any infringement, please contact admin@php.cn delete
Composer: A Comprehensive Guide to PHP Package ManagementComposer: A Comprehensive Guide to PHP Package ManagementMay 11, 2025 am 12:17 AM

Composer is a PHP dependency management tool that manages project dependencies through composer.json file. 1. Use composerinit to initialize the project. 2. Add dependencies such as composerrequireguzzlehttp/guzzle. 3. Advanced usage includes configuring private repositories and using script hooks. 4. Common errors such as dependency conflicts can be debugged through the composerwhy-not command. 5. Performance optimization is recommended to use composerinstall-prefer-dist and periodically update dependencies.

Composer in Action: Automating Dependency ResolutionComposer in Action: Automating Dependency ResolutionMay 10, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Composer simplifies dependency management of PHP projects through automated dependency parsing. 1) Read composer.json to resolve dependency requirements; 2) Build a dependency tree to handle version conflicts; 3) Download and install dependencies from Packagist to the vendor directory; 4) Generate composer.lock to ensure dependency consistency, thereby improving development efficiency.

AI and Composer: Enhancing Code Quality and DevelopmentAI and Composer: Enhancing Code Quality and DevelopmentMay 09, 2025 am 12:20 AM

In Composer, AI mainly improves development efficiency and code quality through dependency recommendation, dependency conflict resolution and code quality improvement. 1. AI can recommend appropriate dependency packages according to project needs. 2. AI provides intelligent solutions to deal with dependency conflicts. 3. AI reviews code and provides optimization suggestions to improve code quality. Through these functions, developers can focus more on the implementation of business logic.

What Defines a Composer: Understanding the RoleWhat Defines a Composer: Understanding the RoleMay 08, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Composers are people who express emotions, tell stories or express ideas by creating musical works, whose roles include conceiving musical structures, choosing instrument combinations, and working with other musicians. 1) Composers will go through four stages of conception, creation, modification and improvement during the creative process; 2) They need to master musical theories, such as harmony, counterpoint and melody, to ensure the quality and effect of the work.

Composer: Installing, Updating, and Managing DependenciesComposer: Installing, Updating, and Managing DependenciesMay 07, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Composer is a dependency management tool for PHP, and manages project dependencies through composer.json and composer.lock files. 1. Install Composer: Run a specific command and move composer.phar to the system path. 2. Update Composer: Use composelself-update command. 3. Dependency management: add dependencies through the composerrequire command, automatically update relevant files and download packages.

AI-Powered Composer: Code Generation and AnalysisAI-Powered Composer: Code Generation and AnalysisMay 06, 2025 am 12:11 AM

AI plays an important role in code generation and analysis: 1) generate code through machine learning and NLP, such as GitHub’s Copilot; 2) perform code analysis, identify bugs and optimization suggestions, such as SonarQube; 3) improve development efficiency and code quality, but requires manual review and optimization.

Composer: AI-Powered Tools and IntegrationsComposer: AI-Powered Tools and IntegrationsMay 05, 2025 am 12:11 AM

Composer itself does not include AI capabilities, but can be enhanced by AI tools. 1) AI can analyze composer.json files, and it is recommended to optimize dependencies and predict version conflicts. 2) AI-driven platforms such as GitHubCopilot can provide real-time code suggestions to improve development efficiency. When using AI tools, you need to verify and adjust them in combination with actual situations.

The Attributes of a Successful ComposerThe Attributes of a Successful ComposerMay 04, 2025 am 12:13 AM

The key traits of a successful composer include: 1) rich creativity and imagination, 2) solid mastery of technical skills and tools. These traits are similar to creative and structured thinking in programming, helping composers realize creativity and optimize their work in music creation.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools