How much performance improvement has PHP 8 achieved?

At the end of this year, PHP8 will be released. Although this major version has many new features, such as union types, static returns and Annotation Attributes, etc., the most anticipated improvement is the JIT compiler.

For more features of PHP8, please refer to PHP 8 is here! The PHP team released the first beta version Alpha1

In theory, the way JIT handles PHP script compilation can increase the speed of applications. But let's see if this approach lives up to our expectations.

Please note that the PHP-8 used in this article is not the final version.

First, let’s write a piece of code to run. I chose bubble sort because it is the worst sorting algorithm and I can only use this sorting algorithm for this kind of testing.

<?php
function bubble_sort($array){
  $start = microtime(true);
    do
    {
        $sw = false;
        for($i = 0, $size = count($array) - 1; $i < $size; $i++)
        {
            if( $array[$i] > $array[$i + 1] )
            {
                list( $array[$i + 1], $array[$i] ) =
                        array($array[$i], $array[$i + 1]);
                $sw = true;
            }
        }
    }
    while($sw);
$end = microtime(true);
return $end - $start;
}
$array = array(1000, -202, 3, 0, 2, 77, 5, -1, 4, 34, -203, 1, 0.5 , -3, 0.88,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -201,
 4000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 454443, -44444, 23, -201,
 5000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 4553, -4, 253, -201,
 6000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 443, -4, 2.3, -2.01,
 39000, 444, 0.99, -44, 4, 53, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, 23, 123, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.14, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 309900, 444, 0.99, -4.44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 30500, 1144, 0.99, -4.4, 4, 453, -4, 23, -201,
 -3000, -444, 0.99, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -1,
 3000, 424, 0.19, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -21,
 300, 454, 0.99222, -44, 4, 453, -4, 23, -20.1,
 301110, 4442, 0.991, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.443, -201,
 3033300, 33444, 0.49, -44, 4, 453, -4, 2.4443, -2010000
);
echo "\n";
echo bubble_sort($array);
echo "\n";
?>

I know this script is not very well written, especially that nasty array in the middle. I know I can generate a random array. I also know that I can read this array from a file. However, I just want a very slow bubbling algorithm that doesn't require other factors to be considered. I don't want any additional noise in this benchmark.

First, we ran the script in the current version of PHP 7.4:

docker container run --rm -v $(pwd):/script/ php:7.4 php /script/bubble.php

Running it 100 times gave us an average time of 0.10253500938416 seconds – not bad.

Now that we are running in PHP-8, do not activate JIT yet.

docker container run --rm -v $(pwd):/script/ martinpham/php8:fpm-extra-alpine php /script/bubble.php

The average time of running 100 times is 0.098223924636841 seconds. To be honest, this improvement is not very obvious.

Next, let’s test the long-awaited JIT:

docker container run --rm -v $(pwd):/script/ keinos/php8-jit php /script/bubble.php

The average running time is 0.053637981414795 seconds! JIT is indeed a surprise! For someone like me who is very concerned about execution time, this is a boon. Although you don’t feel much by looking at the numbers alone (only an improvement of 0.04458594322 seconds), when converted into a percentage, you can better see the advantage: 45.39%.

I wanted to compare from more angles, so I used the 2009 PHP-5.3 version to run this code.

docker container run --rm -v $(pwd):/script/ php:5.3 php /script/bubble.php

It took an average of 0.64574003219604 seconds. 0.5921020508 fuller than PHP-8 with JIT activated (a drop of -1,103.88)! Oh my god, how did we get here in 2009?

Note:

The script I chose has only a pure bubbling algorithm. Of course, you can try other codes, such as the traveling salesman problem or a binary tree. The results should be similar.

As I mentioned in the article, the version of PHP-8 this benchmark ran is not the final version, so it is possible that the final release will add other improvements.

I kept a lot of decimal places in the test results. Although it looks very verbose, I just wanted to be as accurate as possible.

In the benchmark test, I used the docker images of keinos and martinpham. In fact, there are many other tools, you can choose the one you like and try it out.

The laptop I ran the tests on was: Linux Manjaro, 3 GHz Intel Core i5, 32 GB RAM. In other configurations, the exact numbers may vary, but I believe the improvements will be similar.

For a detailed introduction to the JIT compiler, please refer to this articlePHP8 new features JIT graphic and text explanation

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