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Homephp教程php手册xmllint命令处理xml与html的例子

xmllint是一个很方便的处理及验证xml、处理html的工具,linux下只要安装libxml2就可以使用这个命令,首先看下其结合--html、--xpath参数处理html时的例子.

例子:curl http://www.phprm.com /ip/?q=8.8.8.8 2>/dev/null | xmllint --html --xpath "//ul[@id='csstb']" - 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/]*>//g'

上例中主要是通过在123cha上查询的IP地址的归属情况后,通过提取结果(ul#csstb),只获取文本部分的内容,上面的脚本语句执行后的结果如下:

[您的查询]:8.8.8.8 
	本站主数据: 
	美国 
	本站辅数据:Google Public DNS提供:hypo 
	美国 Google免费的Google Public DNS提供:zwstar参考数据一:美国 
	参考数据二:美国 

下面再结合示例看下其他主要参数的用法.

1、--format

此参数用于格式化xml,使其具有良好的可读性,假设有xml(person.xml)内容如下:

ball30male

执行如下操作后其输出为更易读的xml格式:

#xmllint --format person.xml 
	    <?xml version="1.0" 
	    <person> 
	      <name>ball</name> 
	      <age>30</age> 
	      <sex>male</sex> 
	    </person>  

2、--noblanks

与--format相反,有时为了节省传输量,我们希望去掉xml中的空白,这时我们可以使用--noblanks命令.

假设xml(person.xml)内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" 
	    <person> 
	      <name>ball</name> 
	      <age>30</age> 
	      <sex>male</sex> 
	    </person>  

执行该参数操作后,其输出结果为:

#xmllint --noblanks person.xml 
	    <?xml version="1.0" 
	    <person><name>ball</name><age>30</age><sex>male</sex></person>   

3、--schema

使用scheam验证xml文件的正确性(XML Schema 是基于 XML 的 DTD 替代者),假设有xml文件(person.xml)和scheam文件(person.xsd)文件,内容分别如下:

person.xml

<?xml version="1.0" 
	    <person> 
	      <name>ball</name> 
	      <age>30</age> 
	      <sex>male</sex> 
	    </person> 

person.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" 
	    <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> 
	      <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/> 
	      <xs:element name="age" type="xs:integer"/> 
	      <xs:element name="sex"> 
	        <xs:simpleType> 
	          <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> 
	            <xs:enumeration value="male"/> 
	            <xs:enumeration value="female"/> 
	          </xs:restriction> 
	        </xs:simpleType> 
	      </xs:element> 
	      <xs:element name="person"> 
	        <xs:complexType> 
	          <xs:all> 
	            <xs:element ref="name"/> 
	            <xs:element ref="age"/> 
	            <xs:element ref="sex"/> 
	          </xs:all> 
	        </xs:complexType> 
	      </xs:element> 
	    </xs:schema> 

按如下命令执行后的结果是:

#xmllint --schema person.xsd person.xml 
	    <?xml version="1.0" 
	    <person> 
	      <name>ball</name> 
	      <age>30</age> 
	      <sex>male</sex> 
	    </person> 
	    person.xml validates   

注:默认情况下,验证后会输出验证的文件内容,可以使用 --noout选项去掉此输出,这样我们可以只得到最后的验证结果.

#xmllint --noout --schema person.xsd person.xml

person.xml validates

下面我们改动person.xml,使这份文件age字段和sex都是不符合xsd定义的.

#xmllint --noout --schema person.xsd person.xml 
	person.xml:4: element age: Schemas validity error : Element 'age': 'not age' is not a valid value of the atomic type 'xs:integer'. 
	person.xml:5: element sex: Schemas validity error : Element 'sex': [facet 'enumeration'] The value 'test' is not an element of the set {'male', 'female'}. 
	person.xml:5: element sex: Schemas validity error : Element 'sex': 'test' is not a valid value of the local atomic type. 
	person.xml fails to validate  

可以看到xmllint成功的报出了错误.

4、关于--schema的输出

在讲输出之前先看下面一个场景,假如你想通过php执行xmllint然后拿到返回结果,你的代码通常应该是这个样子valid.php,实例代码如下:

$command = "xmllint --noout --schema person.xsd person.xml"; 
	exec($command, $output, $retval); 
	//出错时返回值不为0 
	if ($retval != 0){ 
	        var_dump($output); 
	}//开源代码phprm.com 
	else{ 
	    echo "yeah!"; 
	} 

我们保持上文中person.xml的错误。

执行此代码,你会发现,你拿到的output不是错误,而是array(0) {},amazing!

为什么会这样呢?

因为xmllint --schema,如果验证出错误,错误信息并不是通过标准输出(stdout)显示的,而是通过标准错误(stderr)进行显示的,而exec的output参数拿到的,只能是标准输出(stdout)显示的内容.

所以,为了拿到出错信息,我们需要将标准错误重定向到标准输出,对应修改代码:

$command = "xmllint --noout --schema person.xsd person.xml 2>$1";  

再次执行valid.php,错误信息顺利拿到.

例子:首先建立一份 xml 文档,命名为 po.xml,其内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" 
	<purchaseOrder orderDate="1999-10-20"> 
	    <shipTo country="US"> 
	        <name>Alice Smith</name> 
	        <street>123 Maple Street</street> 
	        <city>Mill Valley</city> 
	        <state>CA</state> 
	        <zip>90952</zip> 
	    </shipTo> 
	    <billTo country="US"> 
	        <name>Robert Smith</name> 
	        <street>8 Oak Avenue</street> 
	        <city>Old Town</city> 
	        <state>PA</state> 
	        <zip>95819</zip> 
	    </billTo> 
	    <comment>Hurry, my lawn is going wild!</comment> 
	    <items> 
	        <item partNum="872-AA"> 
	            <productName>Lawnmower</productName> 
	            <quantity>1</quantity> 
	            <USPrice>148.95</USPrice> 
	            <comment>Confirm this is electric</comment> 
	        </item> 
	        <item partNum="926-AA"> 
	            <productName>Baby Monitor</productName> 
	            <quantity>1</quantity> 
	            <USPrice>39.98</USPrice> 
	            <shipDate>1999-05-21</shipDate> 
	        </item> 
	    </items> 
	</purchaseOrder> 

然后为 po.xml 写的 schema 文件,取名为 po.xsd,内容如下:

<schema> 
	 <annotation> 
	  <documentation> 
	   Purchase order schema for Example.com. 
	   Copyright 2000 Example.com. All rights reserved. 
	  </documentation> 
	 </annotation> 
	 <element></element> 
	 <element></element> 
	 <complextype> 
	  <sequence> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	  </sequence> 
	  <attribute></attribute> 
	 </complextype> 
	 <complextype> 
	  <sequence> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	   <element></element> 
	  </sequence> 
	  <attribute></attribute> 
	 </complextype> 
	 <complextype> 
	  <sequence> 
	   <element> 
	    <complextype> 
	     <sequence> 
	      <element></element> 
	      <element> 
	       <simpletype> 
	        <restriction> 
	         <maxexclusive></maxexclusive> 
	        </restriction> 
	       </simpletype> 
	      </element> 
	      <element></element> 
	      <element></element> 
	      <element></element> 
	     </sequence> 
	     <attribute></attribute> 
	    </complextype> 
	   </element> 
	  </sequence> 
	 </complextype> 
	 <!-- Stock Keeping Unit, a code for identifying products --> 
	 <simpletype> 
	  <restriction> 
	   <pattern></pattern> 
	  </restriction> 
	 </simpletype> 
	</schema> 

使用 xmllint 对 po.xml 文件进行校验:

$xmllint -schema po.xsd po.xml如果无出错信息,就说明校验通过了.

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