Introduction to shell relational operators

Number comparison operations

Relational operators only support numbers, not strings, unless the value of the string is a number. The following table lists commonly used relational operators. Assume that variable a is 10 and variable b is 20:

Example:

#!/bin/bash

a=10
b=20

if [ $a -eq $b ]
then
   echo "$a -eq $b : a 等于 b"
else
   echo "$a -eq $b: a 不等于 b"
fi
if [ $a -ne $b ]
then
   echo "$a -ne $b: a 不等于 b"
else
   echo "$a -ne $b : a 等于 b"
fi
if [ $a -gt $b ]
then
   echo "$a -gt $b: a 大于 b"
else
   echo "$a -gt $b: a 不大于 b"
fi
if [ $a -lt $b ]
then
   echo "$a -lt $b: a 小于 b"
else
   echo "$a -lt $b: a 不小于 b"
fi
if [ $a -ge $b ]
then
   echo "$a -ge $b: a 大于或等于 b"
else
   echo "$a -ge $b: a 小于 b"
fi
if [ $a -le $b ]
then
   echo "$a -le $b: a 小于或等于 b"
else
   echo "$a -le $b: a 大于 b"
fi

Run the script and output The results are as follows:

10 -eq 20: a 不等于 b
10 -ne 20: a 不等于 b
10 -gt 20: a 不大于 b
10 -lt 20: a 小于 b
10 -ge 20: a 小于 b
10 -le 20: a 小于或等于 b

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Boolean operator

Example:

    #!/bin/bash

    a=10
    b=20

    if [ $a != $b ]
    then
       echo "$a != $b : a 不等于 b"
    else
       echo "$a != $b: a 等于 b"
    fi
    if [ $a -lt 100 -a $b -gt 15 ]
    then
       echo "$a 小于 100 且 $b 大于 15 : 返回 true"
    else
       echo "$a 小于 100 且 $b 大于 15 : 返回 false"
    fi
    if [ $a -lt 100 -o $b -gt 100 ]
    then
       echo "$a 小于 100 或 $b 大于 100 : 返回 true"
    else
       echo "$a 小于 100 或 $b 大于 100 : 返回 false"
    fi
    if [ $a -lt 5 -o $b -gt 100 ]
    then
       echo "$a 小于 5 或 $b 大于 100 : 返回 true"
    else
       echo "$a 小于 5 或 $b 大于 100 : 返回 false"
    fi

Script running:

10 != 20 : a 不等于 b
10 小于 100 且 20 大于 15 : 返回 true
10 小于 100 或 20 大于 100 : 返回 true
10 小于 5 或 20 大于 100 : 返回 false

Logical operators

The following introduces the logical operators of Shell, assuming variable a is 10, variable b is 20:

Instance:

#!/bin/bash

a=10
b=20

if [[ $a -lt 100 && $b -gt 100 ]]
then
   echo "返回 true"
else
   echo "返回 false"
fi

if [[ $a -lt 100 || $b -gt 100 ]]
then
   echo "返回 true"
else
   echo "返回 false"
fi

Run result:

返回 false
返回 true

String operator

The following table lists commonly used string operators, assuming that variable a is "abc" and variable b is "efg":

Example:

#!/bin/bash

a="abc"
b="efg"

if [ $a = $b ]
then
   echo "$a = $b : a 等于 b"
else
   echo "$a = $b: a 不等于 b"
fi
if [ $a != $b ]
then
   echo "$a != $b : a 不等于 b"
else
   echo "$a != $b: a 等于 b"
fi
if [ -z $a ]
then
   echo "-z $a : 字符串长度为 0"
else
   echo "-z $a : 字符串长度不为 0"
fi
if [ -n "$a" ]
then
   echo "-n $a : 字符串长度不为 0"
else
   echo "-n $a : 字符串长度为 0"
fi
if [ $a ]
then
   echo "$a : 字符串不为空"
else
   echo "$a : 字符串为空"
fi

Running results:

abc = efg: a 不等于 b
abc != efg : a 不等于 b
-z abc : 字符串长度不为 0
-n abc : 字符串长度不为 0
abc : 字符串不为空

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