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HomeJavajavaTutorialJava uses try-with-resource to gracefully close resources

Java uses try-with-resource to gracefully close resources

在Java编程过程中,如果打开了外部资源(文件、数据库连接、网络连接等),我们必须在这些外部资源使用完毕后,手动关闭它们。    (推荐学习:java课程

因为外部资源不由JVM管理,无法享用JVM的垃圾回收机制,如果我们不在编程时确保在正确的时机关闭外部资源,就会导致外部资源泄露,紧接着就会出现文件被异常占用,数据库连接过多导致连接池溢出等诸多很严重的问题。

为了确保外部资源一定要被关闭,通常关闭代码被写入finally代码块中,当然我们还必须注意到关闭资源时可能抛出的异常,于是变有了下面的经典代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
    FileInputStream inputStream = null;
    try {
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("test"));
        System.out.println(inputStream.read());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
    } finally {
        if (inputStream != null) {
            try {
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    }
}

换成try-with-resource

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("test"))) {
        System.out.println(inputStream.read());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
    }
}

再以一个java里面读取文件和写入文件为例子

/**
 * @ Author zhangsf
 * @CreateTime 2019/11/27 - 13:05
 */
package Advanced;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class ReadTxt1 {
    public  static void main(String args[]) {
        try { // 防止文件建立或读取失败,用catch捕捉错误并打印,也可以throw
            /* 读入TXT文件 */
            String pathname = "E:\\python_file\\web_spider\\input.txt"; // 绝对路径或相对路径都可以,这里是绝对路径,写入文件时演示相对路径
            File filename = new File(pathname); // 要读取以上路径的input。txt文件
            InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(
            new FileInputStream(filename)); // 建立一个输入流对象reader
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader); // 建立一个对象,它把文件内容转成计算机能读懂的语言
            String line = "";
            line = br.readLine();
            while (line != null) {
                line = br.readLine(); // 一次读入一行数据
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            /* 写入Txt文件 */
            File writename = new File("E:\\python_file\\web_spider\\output.txt"); // 相对路径,如果没有则要建立一个新的output。txt文件
            writename.createNewFile(); // 创建新文件
            BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(writename));
            out.write("开始写入文件啦\r\n"); // \r\n即为换行
            out.flush(); // 把缓存区内容压入文件
            out.close(); // 最后记得关闭文件
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

当一个外部资源的句柄对象实现了AutoCloseable接口,JDK7中便可以利用try-with-resource语法更优雅的关闭资源,消除板式代码。 

在JDK7以前,Java没有自动关闭外部资源的语法特性,直到JDK7中新增了try-with-resource语法,那么将上面java的读文件和写文件重新按照try-with-resource语法实现

/**
 * @ Author zhangsf
 * @CreateTime 2019/11/27 - 11:44
 */
package Advanced;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadTxt {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        readFile();
        writeFile();
    }
    /**
     * 读入TXT文件
     */
    public static void readFile() {
        String pathname = "E:\\python_file\\web_spider\\input.txt";
        // 绝对路径或相对路径都可以,写入文件时演示相对路径,
        // 读取以上路径的input.txt文件
        //防止文件建立或读取失败,用catch捕捉错误并打印,也可以throw;
        //不关闭文件会导致资源的泄露,读写文件都同理
        //Java7的try-with-resources可以优雅关闭文件,异常时自动关闭文件;详细解读https://stackoverflow.com/a/12665271
        try (FileReader reader = new FileReader(pathname);
             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader)
             // 建立一个对象,它把文件内容转成计算机能读懂的语言
        ) {
            String line;
            //推荐更加简洁的写法
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                // 一次读入一行数据
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 写入TXT文件
     */
    public static void writeFile() {
        try {
            File writeName = new File("E:\\python_file\\web_spider\\output2.txt"); // 相对路径,如果没有则要建立一个新的output.txt文件
            writeName.createNewFile(); // 创建新文件,有同名的文件的话直接覆盖
            try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(writeName);
                 BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(writer)
            ) {
                out.write("我开始写入文件啦1\r\n"); // \r\n即为换行
                out.write("我开始写入文件啦2\r\n"); // \r\n即为换行
                out.flush(); // 把缓存区内容压入文件
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

将外部资源的句柄对象的创建放在try关键字后面的括号中,当这个try-catch代码块执行完毕后,Java会确保外部资源的close方法被调用。简洁很多。

try-with-resource语法涉及的另外一个知识点,叫做异常抑制。当对外部资源进行处理(例如读或写)时,如果遭遇了异常,且在随后的关闭外部资源过程中,又遭遇了异常,那么你catch到的将会是对外部资源进行处理时遭遇的异常,关闭资源时遭遇的异常将被“抑制”但不是丢弃,通过异常的getSuppressed方法,可以提取出被抑制的异常。

try-with-resource时,如果对外部资源的处理和对外部资源的关闭均遭遇了异常,“关闭异常”将被抑制,“处理异常”将被抛出,但“关闭异常”并没有丢失,而是存放在“处理异常”的被抑制的异常列表

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