Computer basics required knowledge

1. Composition of computer

2. Base conversion

R to decimal: summation of R to the kth power according to the weight expansion method (k... 3 2 1 0 . -1 -2)

10 to R: short Division Divide by R Remember the remainder Arrange the remainders in reverse order

10 Decimal conversion: Mainly multiply the decimal part by 2, take the integer part and place it after the decimal point from left to right until it is 0 after the decimal point.

3. Check code

Use the check code to detect whether the transmitted data is incorrect.

Basic idea: There are two possible encodings of data: legal encoding and error encoding. Reasonable design of error coding and coding rules will cause the data to become error coding when some error occurs during the transmission process, thereby detecting whether the received data is incorrect.

The code distance refers to the at least number of binary bits that are different between any two legal codes in the coding system.

There are three types of check codes: parity check code, Hamming code, and cyclic redundancy check code.

4. Storage system

The hierarchical structure of the storage system is as follows:

Among them: Cache and main The interaction function of memory is realized by hardware, and the interaction between main memory and auxiliary memory can be realized by a combination of hardware and software.

5. Bus structure

The bus is a common data channel for transmitting information between computer devices and is shared by all devices on the bus.

The bus in microcomputer is divided into data bus (DB: transmits data information, two-way), address bus (AB: transmits CPU address information, one-way) and control bus (CB: transmits control signals, timing signals and Status information, etc., each line is one-way but the whole is bi-directional).

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