How do bond lengths compare?

How to compare bond lengths

The bond length of chemical bonds is related to the following factors:

1 , Atomic radius: the smaller the atomic radius, the shorter the chemical bond; the core important factor;

2. The number of chemical bonds: the more the number of bonds between two atoms, the shorter the bond; a very important factor;

3. The induction effect of other atoms: the introduction of electron-withdrawing atoms or atomic groups will shorten the chemical bond; the introduction of electron-donating atoms or atomic groups will make the chemical bond longer. Very minor factor.

For example, C-O < C-Cl Cl is the third period element, and O is the second period element. The radius of the former is larger than the latter;

Another example is C-O > C=O

Another example is F3C-Cl < H3C-Cl; although they are both C-Cl bonds, the former has a stronger electron-attracting ability than the latter.

Definition of bond length

The average internuclear distance between two bonded atoms A and B. It is a basic configuration parameter for understanding the molecular structure, and it is also a parameter for understanding the strength and nature of chemical bonds. It can be measured experimentally. Bond length is one of the important parameters of molecular structure. It plays an important role in discussing the properties of chemical bonds, studying the microstructure of substances, and elucidating the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties.

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