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Node.js installation configuration

Sep 23, 2019 am 11:53 AM
node.js

本章节我们将向大家介绍在 Windows 和 Linux 上安装 Node.js 的方法。

本安装教程以 Node.js v4.4.3 LTS(长期支持版本)版本为例。

Node.js 安装包及源码下载地址为:https://nodejs.org/en/download/。

Node.js installation configuration

你可以根据不同平台系统选择你需要的 Node.js 安装包。

Node.js 历史版本下载地址:https://nodejs.org/dist/

注意:Linux 上安装 Node.js 需要安装 Python 2.6 或 2.7 ,不建议安装 Python 3.0 以上版本。


Windows 上安装 Node.js

你可以采用以下两种方式来安装。

1、Windows 安装包(.msi)

32 位安装包下载地址 : https://nodejs.org/dist/v4.4.3/node-v4.4.3-x86.msi

64 位安装包下载地址 : https://nodejs.org/dist/v4.4.3/node-v4.4.3-x64.msi

本文实例以 v0.10.26 版本为例,其他版本类似, 安装步骤:

步骤 1 : 双击下载后的安装包 v0.10.26,如下所示:

Node.js installation configuration

步骤 2 : 点击以上的Run(运行),将出现如下界面:

Node.js installation configuration

步骤 3 : 勾选接受协议选项,点击 next(下一步) 按钮 :

Node.js installation configuration

步骤 4 : Node.js默认安装目录为 "C:\Program Files\nodejs\" , 你可以修改目录,并点击 next(下一步):

Node.js installation configuration

步骤 5 : 点击树形图标来选择你需要的安装模式 , 然后点击下一步 next(下一步)

Node.js installation configuration

步骤 6 :点击 Install(安装) 开始安装Node.js。你也可以点击 Back(返回)来修改先前的配置。 然后并点击 next(下一步):

Node.js installation configuration

安装过程:

Node.js installation configuration

点击 Finish(完成)按钮退出安装向导。

Node.js installation configuration

检测PATH环境变量是否配置了Node.js,点击开始=》运行=》输入"cmd" => 输入命令"path",输出如下结果:

PATH=C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server\bin;C:\Windows\system32;
C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;
c:\python32\python;C:\MinGW\bin;C:\Program Files\GTK2-Runtime\lib;
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\bin;C:\Program Files\nodejs\;
C:\Users\rg\AppData\Roaming\npm

我们可以看到环境变量中已经包含了C:\Program Files\nodejs\

检查Node.js版本

Node.js installation configuration

2、Windows 二进制文件 (.exe)安装

32 位安装包下载地址 : http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.10.26/node.exe

64 位安装包下载地址 : http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.10.26/x64/node.exe

安装步骤

步骤 1 : 双击下载的安装包 Node.exe ,将出现如下界面 :

Node.js installation configuration

点击 Run(运行)按钮将出现命令行窗口:

Node.js installation configuration

版本测试

进入 node.exe 所在的目录,如下所示:

Node.js installation configuration

如果你获得以上输出结果,说明你已经成功安装了Node.js。


Linux 上安装 Node.js

直接使用已编译好的包

Node 官网已经把 linux 下载版本更改为已编译好的版本了,我们可以直接下载解压后使用:

# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v10.9.0/node-v10.9.0-linux-x64.tar.xz    // 下载
# tar xf  node-v10.9.0-linux-x64.tar.xz       // 解压
# cd node-v10.9.0-linux-x64/                  // 进入解压目录
# ./bin/node -v                               // 执行node命令 查看版本
v10.9.0

解压文件的 bin 目录底下包含了 node、npm 等命令,我们可以使用 ln 命令来设置软连接:

ln -s /usr/software/nodejs/bin/npm   /usr/local/bin/ 
ln -s /usr/software/nodejs/bin/node   /usr/local/bin/

Ubuntu 源码安装 Node.js

以下部分我们将介绍在 Ubuntu Linux 下使用源码安装 Node.js 。 其他的 Linux 系统,如 Centos 等类似如下安装步骤。

在 Github 上获取 Node.js 源码:

$ sudo git clone https://github.com/nodejs/node.git
Cloning into 'node'...

修改目录权限:

$ sudo chmod -R 755 node

使用 ./configure 创建编译文件,并按照:

$ cd node
$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install

查看 node 版本:

$ node --version
v0.10.25

Ubuntu apt-get命令安装

命令格式如下:

sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm

CentOS 下源码安装 Node.js

1、下载源码,你需要在https://nodejs.org/en/download/下载最新的Nodejs版本,本文以v0.10.24为例:

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.10.24/node-v0.10.24.tar.gz

2、解压源码

tar zxvf node-v0.10.24.tar.gz

3、 编译安装

cd node-v0.10.24
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/node/0.10.24
make
make install

4、 配置NODE_HOME,进入profile编辑环境变量

vim /etc/profile

设置 nodejs 环境变量,在 export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL 一行的上面添加如下内容:

#set for nodejs
export NODE_HOME=/usr/local/node/0.10.24
export PATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH

:wq保存并退出,编译/etc/profile 使配置生效

source /etc/profile

验证是否安装配置成功

node -v

输出 v0.10.24 表示配置成功

npm模块安装路径

/usr/local/node/0.10.24/lib/node_modules/

注:Nodejs 官网提供了编译好的 Linux 二进制包,你也可以下载下来直接应用。


Mac OS 上安装

你可以通过以下两种方式在 Mac OS 上来安装 node:

1、在官方下载网站下载 pkg 安装包,直接点击安装即可。

2、使用 brew 命令来安装:

brew install node

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