Super comprehensive compilation of Linux basic knowledge

1. Introduction to Linux

##2. Introduction to Ubuntu

3. File and directory operations

3.1 Basic shell operations

3.1.1 Command parser

Essence: According to the name of the command, call the corresponding executable program

Check the type of shell used: echo $SHELL

3.1.2 Common shortcut keys

Use the tab key to complete the main keyboard shortcuts such as command/directory

3.1.3 Linux directory structure

Important directory structure:

/bin: System-level binary commands executable under the Linux operating system

/dev: Device directory

/etc: Contains Information related to all configurations of the current operating system user

/home: Home directory

/lib: Library files used by the operating system and related configurations are placed in this directory

/media: The system automatically mounts the directory

/mnt: The manually mounted directory

/root: The root user’s home directory

/usr: Unix software resources The package management directory stores some things under the current user

3.1.4 User directory

Absolute path and relative path

User directory

devin: currently logged in user

ubuntu: host name

~: user’s home directory (host directory)

$: The current user is an ordinary user

#: Super user

3.1.5 File and directory operations

tree: Display the current files and directories in tree form

ls: View all files and directory information in the execution directory

-a View hidden files

-l View detailed information...

cd: Enter Specify path (cd ~ /cd -)

pwd: Display the current path

Create/delete directories and files

cp: Copy File or directory

View file content

ln

File and directory properties

which: View the path where the specified command is located

3.1.6 File permissions /Users/User Group

3.1.7 Search and retrieve

3.1.8 Software installation and uninstallation

Online installation (preferred)

deb package installation

Source code installation

3.1.9 Disk management

System default mounting directory: /media

Manually mount directory:/mnt

Mounting method: mount device name Mount directory

Uninstall: unmount When uninstalling, the user's current location must not be In /mnt (/media) or its subdirectories, otherwise it cannot be uninstalled

3.2 Compressed package management

Packaging

Compression

3.3 Process Management

who: Check the status of the current online users

ps: Check the status of the processes running within the entire system (ps -aux)

kill: Used to terminate the specified process

env: View the current process environment variables

top: View the task manager

3.4 Network management

ifconfig: Get network interface information

ping: Test connectivity with the target host

-c: Stop after sending the specified number of packets

-i: Set Send a packet every few seconds

nslookup: Look at the IP address corresponding to the server domain name

3.5 User management

Create user

sudo addusr user name

sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -g devin -d /home/devin -m devin

Set user group: sudo groupadd devin

Delete user:

sudo delusr username

sudo usrdel -r itcast: The function of -r is to delete the user's home directory together

Switch user: su username

root user: sudo su

Set password: sudo passwd username

Exit user: exit

4. Common servers

##ftp server

Install ftp server

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

Modify the configuration file (/etc/vsftpd.conf)

##Start the process: sudo service vsftpd restart

Data transfer

Problems: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

Solution: Add a line to the configuration file: allow_writeable_chroot=YES

5, vimvim is a text editing program with no menu, only commands, and many commands

vim has three modes

Command mode insert mode last line mode

5.1 Command mode

5.1.1 Move the cursor

##5.1.2 Delete and undo

5.1.3 Copy and paste

##5.1.4 Visual mode

5.1.5 Find and Replace

5.1.6 Text Line Movement and Man Page

5.2 Insert mode

5.3 Last line mode

##5.4 Split screen operation

6、gcc

gcc is a compiler, the commonly used parameters are as follows:

-v/--version Check the version number

-o Generate the target file

- I Specify the header file directory

-D Define macros during compilation

-On n=0~3, 0 is no optimization, 1 is the default value, 3 is the highest optimization level

7. Production and use of static libraries

7.1 Advantages and disadvantages of static libraries

Advantages:

Addressing Convenient and fast

The library is packaged into an executable program, which can be used directly by publishing the executable program

Disadvantages:

The code of the static library has been compiled during the compilation process is loaded into the executable program, so the size is larger

If the static library changes, the program needs to be recompiled

7.2 Making and using static libraries

8. Production and use of dynamic libraries

8.1 Advantages and disadvantages of dynamic libraries

Advantages:

The code of the shared library runs in the executable program It is only loaded into the memory when it is loaded into the memory. It is just a simple reference during the compilation process, so the code is small and easy to update (dynamic link)

Disadvantages:

Delayed binding, slightly slower

8.2 Production and use of dynamic libraries

9. gdb debugging

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