composer怎么运行?
1.简介
Composer 是 PHP 的一个依赖管理工具。它允许你申明项目所依赖的代码库,它会在你的项目中为你安装他们。
2.系统要求
运行 Composer 需要 PHP 5.3.2+ 以上版本。
Composer 是多平台的,它可以同时在 Windows 、 Linux 以及 OSX 平台上运行。
3.安装(ubuntu)
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php mv composer.phar mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
注:如果没有安装curl,可以通过以下命令安装
apt-get update apt-get install curl
当你的 Composer 安装完毕之后,你可以实用下列命令查看是否安装成功
composer -v
注 如果上述方法由于某些原因失败了,你还可以通过 php 下载安装器:
php -r "readfile('https://getcomposer.org/installer');" | php
这将检查一些 PHP 的设置,然后下载 composer.phar 到你的工作目录中。这是 Composer 的二进制文件。这是一个 PHAR 包(PHP 的归档),这是 PHP 的归档格式可以帮助用户在命令行中执行一些操作。
你可以通过 --install-dir 选项指定 Composer 的安装目录(它可以是一个绝对或相对路径)
4.使用
要开始在你的项目中使用 Composer,你只需要一个 composer.json 文件。该文件包含了项目的依赖和其它的一些元数据。
首先创建一个 composer.json 文件,写入相应的包名和版本号,如
{ "require": { "monolog/monolog": "1.13.*" } }
这是后就写入了一个依赖包,之后安装依赖包。获取定义的依赖到你的本地项目,之后在你的项目目录中(即 composer.json 所在目录)使用 Composer 运行 install 命令。
composer install
当然,如果是在 Windows 系统中,也可以通过调用 composer.phar 包来进行依赖包的安装。
php composer.phar install
执行 composer install,就进入自动安装,安装完成后会生成一个 composer.lock 文件,里面是特定的版本号名,需要这个文件和 composer.json 一起提交到版本管理里去。
最后,在需要更新依赖包的时候,可以使用以下命令
composer update
如果只想更新部分依赖
composer update monolog/monolog
5.自动加载
对于库的自动加载信息,Composer 生成了一个 vendor/autoload.php 文件。你可以在你项目的入口文件中引入它
<?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; ?>
这使得你可以很容易的使用第三方代码。例如:如果你的项目依赖 monolog,你就可以像这样开始使用这个类库,并且他们将被自动加载。
<?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; $log = new Monolog\Logger('name'); $log->pushHandler(new Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler('app.log', Monolog\Logger::WARNING)); $log->addWarning('Foo'); ?>
6.Packagist / Composer 中国全量镜像
由于墙的问题,所以会导致 Composer 的国外镜像经常无法正常的 install,所以推荐使用国内的镜像,使用方式如下
有两种方式启用本镜像服务:
系统全局配置: 即将配置信息添加到 Composer 的全局配置文件 config.json 中。详见”方法一“
将配置信息添加到某个项目的 composer.json 文件中。详见”方法二“
方法一:
修改 composer 的全局配置文件
打开命令行窗口(windows用户)或控制台(Linux、Mac 用户)并执行如下命令:
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com
方法二:
修改当前项目的 composer.json 配置文件:
打开命令行窗口(windows用户)或控制台(Linux、Mac 用户),进入你的项目的根目录(也就是 composer.json 文件所在目录),执行如下命令:
composer config repo.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com
上述命令将会在当前项目中的 composer.json 文件的末尾自动添加镜像的配置信息(你也可以自己手工添加):
"repositories": { "packagist": { "type": "composer", "url": "https://packagist.phpcomposer.com" } }
7.使用 Composer 中的 autoload 实现自动加载命名空间
Composer 除了可以帮你安装所需要的依赖包以外,还可以实现自动加载命名空间的功能,当我们自己编写的函数库与类库需要自动加载时,我们就可以通过 composer.json 来实现。它类似于 php 中的 spl_autoload_register(), 其实如果你去查看 Composer 中的源代码,你会看到它的自动加载功能也是用了 spl_autoload_register() 这个函数。《具体可看此文章详细介绍》
我们在 composer.json 里添加如下代码:
{ "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Test\\": "test/", "Testtwo\\": "testtwo/" } } }
这个配置文件中有一个 autoload 段,其中有个 《PSR-4》,psr-4 是一个基于 psr-4 规则的类库自动加载对应关系,只要在其后的对象中,以 ”命名空间“: “路径” 的方式写入自己的类库信息修改完成后,之后,在执行下列命令,即可完成自动加载。
composer dumpautoload
注: "psr-4": {"Test\\": "test/"} 中的 "test/" 路径为相对于 composer.json 的路径
这个时候,你就可以调用你自己编写的函数库或者类库了
<?php require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php'; $testClass = new \Test\Testclass(); ?>
更多composer使用教程,请访问composer使用教程栏目!
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