学习要点:
1.分组元素总汇
2.分组元素解析
主讲教师:李炎恢
本章主要探讨 HTML5 中分组元素的用法。所谓分组,就是用来组织相关内容的 HTML5 元素,清晰有效的进行归类。
一.分组元素总汇为了页面的排版需要,HTML5 提供了几种语义的分组元素。
元素名称 |
说明 |
p |
表示段落 |
div |
一个没有任何语义的通用元素,和 span 是对应元素 |
blockquote |
表示引自他出的大段内容 |
pre |
表示其格式应被保留的内容 |
hr |
表示段落级别的主题转换,即水平线 |
ul,ol |
表示无序列表,有序列表 |
li |
用于 ul,ol 元素中的列表项 |
dl,dt,dd |
表示包含一系列术语和定义说明的列表。dt 在 dl 内部表示术语,一般充当标题;dd 在 dl 内部表示定义,一般是内容。 |
figure |
表示图片 |
figcaption |
表示 figure 元素的标题 |
二.分组元素解析
1.
建立段落
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是一个段落 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这也是一个段落 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
解释:
元素实际作用就是将内部包含的文本形成一个段落;而段落和段落之间保持一定量的空隙。
2.
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是一个通用分组 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是又一个通用分组 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>
解释:
而在 HTML5 中,由于语义的缘故,被其他各种文档元素所代替。和
段落的区别就是,两段文本的上下空隙是没有的,空隙间隔和
换行一样。
3.
引用大段他出内容<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是一个大段引自他出内容 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是另一个大段引自他出内容 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">blockquote</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span>解释:
元素实际作用除了和元素一样,有段落空隙的功能,还包含了首尾缩进的功能。语义上表示,大段的引用他出的内容。
4.
展现格式化内容 <div class="cnblogs_code"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">pre</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">pre</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
解释:
元素实际作用就是编辑器怎么排版的,原封不动的展现出来。当然,这种只适合简单的排版,复杂的排版就无法满足要求了。 <p> </p> <p>5.</p><hr>添加分隔 <div class="cnblogs_code"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">hr</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
解释:
元素实际作用就是添加一条分割线,意图呈现上下文主题的分割。
6.
- 添加无序列表
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 张三 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 李四 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 王五 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 马六 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span>
解释:
- 元素表示无序列表,而
- 元素则是内部的列表项。
7.
- 添加有序列表
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">ol</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 张三 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 李四 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 王五 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 马六 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">ol</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span>
解释:
- 元素表示有序列表,而
- 元素则是内部的列表项。
- 元素目前支持三种属性
- 元素则是内部的列表项。
- 添加有序列表
- 元素则是内部的列表项。
|
ol 元素属性 |
属性名称 |
说明 |
start |
从第几个序列开始统计: |
reversed |
是否倒序排列:
|
type |
表示列表的编号类型,值分别为:1、a、A、i、I |
|
li 元素属性 |
属性名称 |
说明 |
value |
强行设置某个项目的编号。 |
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">li </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="7"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>王五<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>
8.
- 生成说明列表
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dl</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是一份文件 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dt</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这里是这份文件的详细内容 1 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这里是这份文件的详细内容 2 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dd</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">dl</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span>
解释:这三个元素是一个整体,但
- 或
- 并非都必须出现。
9.
使用插图 <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">figure</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">figcaption</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;"> 这是一张图 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">figcaption</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">img </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="img.png"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">figure</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span>
解释:这两个元素一般用于图片的布局。

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WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.


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