Summary of commonly used regular expressions in JS
JS中正则表达式或“regex”用于匹配字符串的各个部分,本篇文章具有较高的收藏价值,感兴趣的朋友可以了解一下,希望对你有所帮助。
匹配正则
使用 .test()
方法
let testString = "My test string"; let testRegex = /string/; testRegex.test(testString);
匹配多个模式
使用操作符号 |
const regex = /yes|no|maybe/;
忽略大小写
使用i
标志表示忽略大小写
const caseInsensitiveRegex = /ignore case/i; const testString = 'We use the i flag to iGnOrE CasE'; caseInsensitiveRegex.test(testString); // true
提取变量的第一个匹配项
使用 .match()
方法
const match = "Hello World!".match(/hello/i); // "Hello"
相关教程:JavaScript视频教程
提取数组中的所有匹配项
使用 g
标志
const testString = "Repeat repeat rePeAT"; const regexWithAllMatches = /Repeat/gi; testString.match(regexWithAllMatches); // ["Repeat", "repeat", "rePeAT"]
匹配任意字符
使用通配符.
作为任何字符的占位符
// To match "cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat" const regexWithWildcard = /.at/gi; const testString = "cat BAT cupcake fAT mat dog"; const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithWildcard); // ["cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"]
用多种可能性匹配单个字符
- 使用字符类,你可以使用它来定义要匹配的一组字符
- 把它们放在方括号里
[]
//匹配 "cat" "fat" and "mat" 但不匹配 "bat" const regexWithCharClass = /[cfm]at/g; const testString = "cat fat bat mat"; const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithCharClass); // ["cat", "fat", "mat"]
匹配字母表中的字母
使用字符集内的范围 [a-z]
const regexWidthCharRange = /[a-e]at/; const regexWithCharRange = /[a-e]at/; const catString = "cat"; const batString = "bat"; const fatString = "fat"; regexWithCharRange.test(catString); // true regexWithCharRange.test(batString); // true regexWithCharRange.test(fatString); // false
匹配特定的数字和字母
你还可以使用连字符来匹配数字
const regexWithLetterAndNumberRange = /[a-z0-9]/ig; const testString = "Emma19382"; testString.match(regexWithLetterAndNumberRange) // true
匹配单个未知字符
要匹配您不想拥有的一组字符,使用否定字符集 ^
const allCharsNotVowels = /[^aeiou]/gi; const allCharsNotVowelsOrNumbers = /[^aeiou0-9]/gi;
匹配一行中出现一次或多次的字符
使用 +
标志
const oneOrMoreAsRegex = /a+/gi; const oneOrMoreSsRegex = /s+/gi; const cityInFlorida = "Tallahassee"; cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreAsRegex); // ['a', 'a', 'a']; cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreSsRegex); // ['ss'];
匹配连续出现零次或多次的字符
使用星号 *
const zeroOrMoreOsRegex = /hi*/gi; const normalHi = "hi"; const happyHi = "hiiiiii"; const twoHis = "hiihii"; const bye = "bye"; normalHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hi"] happyHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hiiiiii"] twoHis.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hii", "hii"] bye.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // null
惰性匹配
- 字符串中与给定要求匹配的最小部分
- 默认情况下,正则表达式是贪婪的(匹配满足给定要求的字符串的最长部分)
使用
?
阻止贪婪模式(惰性匹配 )
const testString = "catastrophe"; const greedyRexex = /c[a-z]*t/gi; const lazyRegex = /c[a-z]*?t/gi; testString.match(greedyRexex); // ["catast"] testString.match(lazyRegex); // ["cat"]
匹配起始字符串模式
要测试字符串开头的字符匹配,请使用插入符号^
,但要放大开头,不要放到字符集中
const emmaAtFrontOfString = "Emma likes cats a lot."; const emmaNotAtFrontOfString = "The cats Emma likes are fluffy."; const startingStringRegex = /^Emma/; startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtFrontOfString); // true startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtFrontOfString); // false
匹配结束字符串模式
使用 $
来判断字符串是否是以规定的字符结尾
const emmaAtBackOfString = "The cats do not like Emma"; const emmaNotAtBackOfString = "Emma loves the cats"; const startingStringRegex = /Emma$/; startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtBackOfString); // true startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtBackOfString); // false
匹配所有字母和数字
使用\word
简写
const longHand = /[A-Za-z0-9_]+/; const shortHand = /\w+/; const numbers = "42"; const myFavoriteColor = "magenta"; longHand.test(numbers); // true shortHand.test(numbers); // true longHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true shortHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
除了字母和数字,其他的都要匹配
用\W
表示 \w
的反义
const noAlphaNumericCharRegex = /\W/gi; const weirdCharacters = "!_$!!"; const alphaNumericCharacters = "ab283AD"; noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(weirdCharacters); // true noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(alphaNumericCharacters); // false
匹配所有数字
你可以使用字符集[0-9]
,或者使用简写 \d
const digitsRegex = /\d/g; const stringWithDigits = "My cat eats $20.00 worth of food a week."; stringWithDigits.match(digitsRegex); // ["2", "0", "0", "0"]
匹配所有非数字
用\D
表示 \d
的反义
const nonDigitsRegex = /\D/g; const stringWithLetters = "101 degrees"; stringWithLetters.match(nonDigitsRegex); // [" ", "d", "e", "g", "r", "e", "e", "s"]
匹配空格
使用 \s
来匹配空格和回车符
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "I like cats!" var spaceRegex = /\s/g; whiteSpace.match(sentenceWithWhitespace); // [" ", " "]
匹配非空格
用\S
表示 \s
的反义
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "C a t" const nonWhiteSpaceRegex = /\S/g; sentenceWithWhitespace.match(nonWhiteSpaceRegex); // ["C", "a", "t"]
匹配的字符数
你可以使用 {下界,上界}
指定一行中的特定字符数
const regularHi = "hi"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!"; const excitedRegex = /hi{1,4}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // true excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配最低个数的字符数
使用{下界, }
定义最少数量的字符要求,下面示例表示字母 i
至少要出现2次
const regularHi = "hi"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!"; const excitedRegex = /hi{2,}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配精确的字符数
使用{requiredCount}
指定字符要求的确切数量
const regularHi = "hi"; const bestHi = "hii"; const mediocreHi = "hiii"; const excitedRegex = /hi{2}/; excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false excitedRegex.test(bestHi); // true excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); //false
匹配0次或1次
使用 ?
匹配字符 0 次或1次
const britishSpelling = "colour"; const americanSpelling = "Color"; const languageRegex = /colou?r/i; languageRegex.test(britishSpelling); // true languageRegex.test(americanSpelling); // true
代码部署后可能存在的BUG没法实时知道,事后为了解决这些BUG,花了大量的时间进行log 调试,这边顺便给大家推荐一个好用的BUG监控工具 Fundebug。
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