Summary of commonly used features of ES6, ES7 and ES8 (code examples)

This article brings you a summary of commonly used features (code examples) of ES6, ES7 and ES8. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

Commonly used new features of ES6

1. let && const

let 命令也用于变量声明，但是作用域为局部
{
    let a = 10;
    var b = 1;        
}
在函数外部可以获取到b，获取不到a，因此例如for循环计数器就适合使用let。

const用于声明一个常量，设定后值不会再改变
const PI = 3.1415;
PI // 3.1415
PI = 3; //TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

2. Destructuring assignment

ES6 允许按照一定模式，从数组和对象中提取值，对变量进行赋值，这被称为解构（Destructuring）。 
例如数组：

let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3];
//等同于
let a = 1;
let b = 2;
let c = 3;
这真的让代码看起来更优美，有种python赋值的既视感。 

对象的解构赋值：获取对象的多个属性并且使用一条语句将它们赋给多个变量。

var {
  StyleSheet,
  Text,
  View
} = React;

等同于
var StyleSheet = React.StyleSheet;
var Text = React.Text;
var View = React.Text;

3. Arrow function

The new arrow operator in ES6 is used to simplify the writing of functions. The left side of the operator is the parameters, and the right side is the specific operation and return value. .

var sum = (num1, num2) => { return num1 + num2; }
//等同于
var sum = function(num1, num2) {
    return num1 + num2;
};
箭头函数还修复了this的指向，使其永远指向词法作用域：

var obj = {
    birth: 1990,
    getAge: function () {
        var b = this.birth; // 1990
        var fn = () => new Date().getFullYear() - this.birth; // this指向obj对象
        return fn();
    }
};
obj.getAge(); // 25

4. ...The introduction of operator

almost never uses the extend function. Through it, arrays can be passed directly into functions as parameters:

var people = ['Lily', 'Lemon', 'Terry'];
function sayHello(people1,people2,people3){
    console.log(`Hello ${people1},${people2},${people3}`);
}
sayHello(...people);//输出：Hello Lily,Lemon,Terry

5. iterable type

In order to unify collection types, the ES6 standard introduces a new iterable type, Array , Map and Set all belong to the iterable type. Collections with iterable type can be traversed through the new for...of loop.

var a = ['A', 'B', 'C'];
var s = new Set(['A', 'B', 'C']);
var m = new Map([[1, 'x'], [2, 'y'], [3, 'z']]);
for (var x of a) { // 遍历Array
    alert(x);
}
for (var x of s) { // 遍历Set
    alert(x);
}
for (var x of m) { // 遍历Map
    alert(x[0] + '=' + x[1]);
}

Map相关操作如下， Set同理：

var m = new Map(); // 空Map
m.set('Adam', 67); // 添加新的key-value
m.set('Bob', 59);
m.has('Adam'); // 是否存在key 'Adam': true
m.get('Adam'); // 67
m.delete('Adam'); // 删除key 'Adam'
m.get('Adam'); // undefined

6. Class

ES6 provides a writing method that is closer to traditional languages ​​and introduces the concept of Class as a template for objects. Through the class keyword, classes can be defined, similar to most traditional languages.

//定义类
class Point {
  constructor(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  toString() {
    return '(' + this.x + ', ' + this.y + ')';
  }
}

Commonly used new features of ES7

1. Array.prototype.includes

在一个数组或者列表中检查是否存在一个值
let arr = ['react', 'angular', 'vue']

// Correct
if (arr.includes('react')) {
  console.log('Can use React')
}
还能在字符串中使用includes:

let str = 'React Quickly'

// Correct
if (str.toLowerCase().includes('react')) {  // true
  console.log('Found "react"')  
}
除了增强了可读性语义化，实际上给开发者返回布尔值，而不是匹配的位置。

includes也可以在NaN(非数字)使用。最后 ，includes第二可选参数fromIndex，这对于优化是有好处的，因为它允许从特定位置开始寻找匹配。
更多例子：

console.log([1, 2, 3].includes(2)) // === true)
console.log([1, 2, 3].includes(4)) // === false)
console.log([1, 2, NaN].includes(NaN)) // === true)
console.log([1, 2, -0].includes(+0)) // === true)
console.log([1, 2, +0].includes(-0)) // === true)
console.log(['a', 'b', 'c'].includes('a')) // === true)
console.log(['a', 'b', 'c'].includes('a', 1)) // === false)

2.Exponentiation Operator (Exponentiation operation)

et a = 7 ** 12
let b = 2 ** 7
console.log(a === Math.pow(7,12)) // true
console.log(b === Math.pow(2,7)) // true
开发者还可以操作结果:

let a = 7
a **= 12
let b = 2
b **= 7
console.log(a === Math.pow(7,12)) // true
console.log(b === Math.pow(2,7)) // true

ES8 new features

1, Object.values/Object.entries

ES5 introduces the Object.keys method, which returns an array , members are the key names of all traversable (enumerable) properties of the parameter object itself (excluding inherited ones).
The Object.values ​​method returns an array whose members are the key values ​​of all traversable (enumerable) properties of the parameter object itself (excluding inherited ones).
The Object.entries method returns an array whose members are key-value arrays of all traversable (enumerable) properties of the parameter object itself (excluding inherited ones).

let {keys, values, entries} = Object;  

let obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };  

for (let key of keys(obj)) {  
    console.log(key); // 'a', 'b', 'c'
}  

for (let value of values(obj)) {  
    console.log(value); // 1, 2, 3
}  

for (let [key, value] of entries(obj)) {  
    console.log([key, value]); // ['a', 1], ['b', 2], ['c', 3]
}

2. String padding

3. Async/Await

使用Promise
使用Promise写异步代码，会比较麻烦：

axios.get(`/q?query=${query}`)
.then(response => response.data)
.then(data =>
{
this.props.processfetchedData(data);
})
.catch(error => console.log(error));
使用Async/Await
Async/Await使得异步代码看起来像同步代码，这正是它的魔力所在：

async fetchData(query) =>
{
try
{
const response = await axios.get(`/q?query=${query}`);
const data = response.data;
return data;
}
catch (error)
{
console.log(error)
}
}
 
fetchData(query).then(data =>
{
this.props.processfetchedData(data)
})

Async/Await is A new way of writing asynchronous code. The previous methods were callback functions and Promises. Compared with Promise, it is more concise, and it is more convenient to handle errors, conditional statements, and intermediate values

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