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Procedural or Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP): As the name suggests, Procedure-Oriented Programming involves a step-by-step process. Here, the problem is broken down into small parts, and then to solve each part, one or more functions are used. So, in the POP approach, the problem is viewed as a sequence of things to be done, such as input, calculation, and display. The main focus will be on functionality to accomplish each task.
In the POP method, we write lines of instructions that are to be performed by the computer and by organizing these instructions into groups we create functions.
For example, consider that we have to get two values from the user and then display the sum of the input values. In the POP method, the problem might be broken down as follows,
First take an input and put it under a variable, here as a variable.
Then take another input and put it under another variable, here take b.
Now define a variable (e.g. c) as
c = a + b
Now display c.
Main characteristics of process orientation:
1. Pay great attention to what needs to be done.
2. Large problems are divided into smaller programs called functions.
3. Most functions share global data.
4. Data moves openly around the system from system to function.
5. Functions transfer data from one form to another
6. Use a top-down approach in programming.
7. In the case of large projects, bringing about changes is difficult and time-consuming.
8. Failure to use appropriate and effective technology to protect other people’s data.
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