What is BFC? An in-depth analysis of BFC

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1. What is BFC

Formatting context is W3C CSS2.1 A concept in the specification. It is a rendering area on the page and has a set of rendering rules that determine how its sub-elements will be positioned, as well as their relationship and interaction with other elements. most common Formatting context includes Block fomatting context (BFC for short) and Inline formatting context (IFC for short). Block formatting context is literally translated as "block-level formatting context". It is an independent rendering area in which only the Block-level box participates. It stipulates how the internal Block-level Box is laid out and has nothing to do with the outside of this area. In layman's terms, BFC is a container used to manage block-level elements.

2. How to create BFC

• float is left|right

• overflow is hidden| auto|scroll

• display is table-cell|table-caption|inline-block|inline-flex|flex

• position is absolute| fixed

• Root element

3. BFC layout rules:

• The internal Boxes will be placed one after another in the vertical direction (that is, the block-level elements occupy one row).

• The BFC area will not overlap with the float box (Use this to achieve adaptive two-column layout).

• The vertical distance of the internal Box is determined by margin. The margins of two adjacent Boxes belonging to the same BFC will overlap (Margin overlaps three conditions: belong to the same BFC; adjacent; block-level elements).

• When calculating the height of BFC, floating elements also participate in the calculation. (Clear floating haslayout)

• BFC is an isolated independent container on the page. The child elements in the container will not affect the elements outside. And vice versa.

4. What are the features of BFC

Feature 1: BFC will prevent vertical margins from folding

According to the definition of BFC, two elements may have vertical margin overlap only if they belong to the same BFC. This includes adjacent elements or nested elements, as long as there is no obstruction between them (such as borders, non-empty content, padding, etc.) margin overlap will occur.

①The problem of margin overlap of adjacent sibling elements

<style>
p{
        color: #fff;
        background: #888;
        width: 200px;
        line-height: 100px;
        text-align:center;
        margin: 100px;
  }
</style>

    <p>ABC</p>
    <p>abc</p>

##Between the two P elements in the above example The distance between them should be 200px, but in fact it is only 100px, and margin overlap occurs. How do we deal with this situation?
You only need to wrap a container around p and trigger the container to generate a BFC. Then the two Ps do not belong to the same BFC, and there will be no margin overlap.

<style>
p{
        color: #fff;
        background: #888;
        width: 200px;
        line-height: 100px;
        text-align:center;
        margin: 100px;
    }
.wrap{
  overflow:hidden;
}
</style>

   <p>ABC</p>
  <div>
    <p>abc</p>
  </div>

②Parent and child element margin overlap problem

<style>
.box{
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:#ccc;
}
.wrap {
  background:yellow;
}
.wrap h1{
  background:pink;
  margin:40px;
}
</style>

<div>box</div>
<div>
  <h1>h1</h1>
</div>

In theory, there should be an upper and lower margin value of 40px between the wrap element and the h1 element in the picture above. However, in fact, there is no margin value for the parent and child elements. At the same time, the distance between the two p elements is 40px. How do we deal with this situation?

There are actually many processing methods.
Add: overflow:hidden; or overflow:auto to the wrap element; make its parent element form a BFC; you can also add border: 1px solid; or padding to the wrap element. :1px;These can effectively solve the problem of margin overlap between parent and child elements.

Feature 2: BFC will not overlap floating elements

Using this feature, we can create

Adaptive two-column layout.

<style>
.box1{
  height: 100px;
  width: 100px;
  float: left;
  background: lightblue;
}
.box2{width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background: #eee;
}
</style>

<div>我是一个左浮动的元素</div>
<div>喂喂喂!大家不要生气嘛，生气会犯嗔戒的。悟空你也太调皮了，
我跟你说过叫你不要乱扔东西，你怎么又……你看，我还没说完你就把棍子给扔掉了!
月光宝盒是宝物，你把它扔掉会污染环境，要是砸到小朋友怎么办，就算砸不到小朋友，
砸到花花草草也是不对的。</div>

#In the picture above, the text is arranged around the floating elements, but here, this is obviously not what we want . At this time, we can add overflow:hidden to the style of the .box2 element; it will create a BFC so that its content can eliminate the impact on external floating elements .

这个方法可以用来实现两列自适应布局，效果不错，此时左边的宽度固定，右边的内容自适应宽度。如果我们改变文字的大小或者左边浮动元素的大小，两栏布局的结构依然没有改变！

特性3：BFC可以包含浮动----清除浮动

我们都知道浮动会脱离文档流，接下来我们看看下面的例子：

<style>
.box1{
  width:100px;
  height:100px;
  float:left;
  border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box2{
  width:100px;
  height:100px;
  float:left;
  border: 1px solid #000;
}
.box{
  background:yellow
}
</style>

<div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
</div> 

由于容器内两个div元素浮动，脱离了文档流，父容器内容宽度为零（即发生高度塌陷），未能将子元素包裹住。解决这个问题，只需要把把父元素变成一个BFC就行了。常用的办法是给父元素设置overflow:hidden。

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