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HomeOperation and MaintenanceLinux Operation and MaintenanceHow to solve the timeout problem during pip operation of Linux instance

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如何解决 Linux 实例 pip 操作时的超时问题

pip 是当前最流行的 Python 安装包管理工具之一,很多阿里云用户会通过 pip 更新系统源。阿里云的 pip 源地址有以下三处:

(默认)公网:mirrors.aliyun.com

专有网络 VPC 内网:mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com

经典网络内网:mirrors.aliyuncs.com

现象描述

Linux 实例的 pip 请求偶有超时或者失败现象。目前,受影响的公共镜像有:

CentOS

Debian

Ubuntu

SUSE

OpenSUSE

Aliyun Linux

原因分析

pip 请求的默认访问地址为 mirrors.aliyun.com,要求访问该地址的实例能访问公网。当您的实例没有分配公网 IP 时,会出现 pip 请求超时故障。

解决方法

您可以使用以下方法中的任意一种解决问题。

方法一

为您的实例分配公网 IP,即为实例绑定一个 弹性公网 IP(EIP)。预付费实例还可以通过 升降配 重新分配公网 IP。

方法二

一旦出现 pip 响应延迟,您可以在 ECS 实例中运行脚本 fix_pypi.sh,然后再重试 pip 操作。

远程连接实例。

运行 wget http://image-offline.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fix/fix_pypi.sh 获取文件。

运行脚本:

VPC 实例:运行 bash fix_pypi.sh "mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com"。

经典网络实例:运行 bash fix_pypi.sh "mirrors.aliyuncs.com"。

重试 pip 操作。

以下为 fix_pypi.sh 的脚本内容:

#!/bin/bash
function config_pip() {
    pypi_source=$1
    if [[ ! -f ~/.pydistutils.cfg ]]; then
cat > ~/.pydistutils.cfg << EOF
[easy_install]
index-url=http://$pypi_source/pypi/simple/
EOF
    else
        sed -i "s#index-url.*#index-url=http://$pypi_source/pypi/simple/#" ~/.pydistutils.cfg
    fi
    if [[ ! -f ~/.pip/pip.conf ]]; then
    mkdir -p ~/.pip
cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]
index-url=http://$pypi_source/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host=$pypi_source
EOF
    else
        sed -i "s#index-url.*#index-url=http://$pypi_source/pypi/simple/#" ~/.pip/pip.conf
        sed -i "s#trusted-host.*#trusted-host=$pypi_source#" ~/.pip/pip.conf
    fi
}
config_pip $1

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