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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialWhat is the fragmentation of IP layer during UDP transmission?

What is the fragmentation of IP layer during UDP transmission?

坏嘻嘻
坏嘻嘻
Sep 14, 2018 am 09:41 AM

我们知道，当应用层程序之间进行网络数据传输时，在发送端，数据会从应用层沿着协议栈向下传输，通过TCP/IP层，然后经由链路层发送出去，而在接收端，则是相反的顺序，数据经由链路层接收，然后沿着协议栈向上传输，通过IP/TCP层，最后由应用层程序进行读取。

先来看程序, 服务端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
int main()
{
    struct sockaddr_in srvAddr;
    bzero(&srvAddr,sizeof(srvAddr));
    srvAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srvAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    srvAddr.sin_port = htons(8765);
    int srvAddrLen = sizeof(srvAddr);
 
    int iSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);  // udp
    bind(iSock, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
 
    while(1)
    {
		getchar();
		char szBuf[50001] = {0};
        recvfrom(iSock, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, (socklen_t*)&srvAddrLen);
        printf("msg from client [%s]\n", szBuf);
    }
 
    close(iSock);
    return 0;
}

 客户端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct sockaddr_in srvAddr;
    bzero(&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
    srvAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srvAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("10.100.70.140");
    srvAddr.sin_port = htons(8765);
 
    int iSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); // udp
	#define N 2000
	char szBuf[N] = {0};
	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < N; i++) //字符数组最后一个字符不要求是‘\0’
	{
		szBuf[i] = &#39;a&#39;;	
	}
	
    int iRet = sendto(iSock, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
	printf("send size is %d, iRet is %d, errmsg[%s]\n", sizeof(szBuf), iRet, strerror(errno));
    
	close(iSock);
    return 0;
}

    我们在服务端抓包， 结果为：

xxxxxx$ sudo tcpdump -iany src host 10.100.70.139 -Xnlps0
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
00:13:57.187159 IP 10.100.70.139.46671 > 10.100.70.140.ultraseek-http: UDP, length 2000
        0x0000:  4500 05dc 0510 2000 4011 ae22 0a64 468b  E.......@..".dF.
        0x0010:  0a64 468c b64f 223d 07d8 116e 6161 6161  .dF..O"=...naaaa
        0x0020:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0030:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0040:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0050:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0060:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0070:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0080:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0090:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0100:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0110:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0120:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0130:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0140:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0150:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0160:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0170:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0180:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0190:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0200:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0210:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0220:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0230:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0240:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0250:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0260:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0270:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0280:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0290:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0300:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0310:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0320:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0330:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0340:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0350:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0360:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0370:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0380:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0390:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0400:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0410:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0420:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0430:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0440:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0450:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0460:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0470:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0480:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0490:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0500:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0510:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0520:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0530:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0540:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0550:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0560:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0570:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0580:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0590:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 0000 0000  aaaaaaaaaaaa....
        0x05e0:  0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000            ............
00:13:57.187161 IP 10.100.70.139 > 10.100.70.140: ip-proto-17
        0x0000:  4500 0224 0510 00b9 4011 d121 0a64 468b  E..$....@..!.dF.
        0x0010:  0a64 468c 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  .dF.aaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0020:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0030:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0040:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0050:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0060:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0070:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0080:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0090:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0100:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0110:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0120:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0130:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0140:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0150:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0160:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0170:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0180:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0190:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0200:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0210:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0220:  6161 6161 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  aaaa............
        0x0230:  0000 0000                                ....

 

  我们发现， 有两个IP包， 为什么会这样呢？ 受到MTU的限制， IP包长度限制在1500字节， 我们看第一个包， 刚好就是1500字节， 第二个包刚好就是剩余的信息， 这就是IP分片（只针对UDP）的原因和原理。 而且要注意到， 第二个IP包是IP头+data, 并没有UDP头信息（更无端口信息可言）， 所以， 如果抓包的时候， 采用端口过滤， 那么后面这个包肯定就丢了。 这个大坑， 好多人遇到过。

  相关推荐：

Nodejs实现的一个简单udp广播服务器、客户端_node.js

 

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