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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialQuickly understand the four data types of Python

本文介绍了Python的数据类型Python的数据类型一共有四种,我将逐一介绍:

首先,我们了解下什么是数据类型

计算机顾名思义就是可以做数学计算的机器,因此,计算机程序理所当然地可以处理各种数值。但是,计算机能处理的远不止数值,还可以处理文本、图形、音频、视频、网页等各种各样的数据,不同的数据,需要定义不同的数据类型。在Python中,能够直接处理的数据类型有以下几种:

整数

Python可以处理任意大小的整数,当然包括负整数,在程序中的表示方法和数学上的写法一模一样,例如:1100-80800,等等。

计算机由于使用二进制,所以,有时候用十六进制表示整数比较方便,十六进制用0x前缀和0-9a-f表示,例如:0xff000xa5b4c3d2,等等。

浮点数

浮点数也就是小数,之所以称为浮点数,是因为按照科学记数法表示时,一个浮点数的小数点位置是可变的,比如,1.23x1012.3x10是完全相等的。浮点数可以用数学写法,如1.233.14-9.01,等等。但是对于很大或很小的浮点数,就必须用科学计数法表示,把10用e替代,1.23x109就是1.23e9,或者12.3e80.000012可以写成1.2e-5,等等。

整数和浮点数在计算机内部存储的方式是不同的,整数运算永远是精确的(除法难道也是精确的?是的!),而浮点数运算则可能会有四舍五入的误差。

字符串

字符串是以单引号'或双引号"括起来的任意文本,比如'abc'"xyz"等等。请注意,''""本身只是一种表示方式,不是字符串的一部分,因此,字符串'abc'只有abc这3个字符。如果'本身也是一个字符,那就可以用""括起来,比如"I'm OK"包含的字符是I'm,空格,OK这6个字符。

如果字符串内部既包含'又包含"怎么办?可以用转义字符\来标识,比如:

'I\'m \"OK\"!'

表示的字符串内容是:

I'm "OK"!

转义字符 \ 可以转义很多字符,比如 \n 表示换行, \t 表示制表符,字符 \ 本身也要转义,所以 \\ 表示的字符就是 \,可以在Python的交互式命令行用print()打印字符串看看:

>>> print('I\'m ok.')
I'm ok.
>>> print('I\'m learning\nPython.')
I'm learning
Python.
>>> print('\\\n\\')
\
\



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