Explain the method of sorting within the mysql group by group

mysql's group by syntax can group data according to specified rules. Grouping is to divide a data set into several small areas, and then target several small areas. Perform data processing. This article will introduce how to implement sorting within a group when MySQL uses group by.

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mysql's group by syntax can group data, but the grouped data cannot be grouped Sorting within groups.
For example, if a comment table has multiple user comments, it is necessary to obtain the content of each user's last comment.

Create test data table and data

CREATE TABLE `comment` (  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,  `content` varchar(200) NOT NULL,  `addtime` datetime NOT NULL,  `lastmodify` datetime NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),  KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),  KEY `addtime` (`addtime`),  KEY `uid_addtime` (`user_id`,`addtime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO `comment` (`id`, `user_id`, `content`, `addtime`, `lastmodify`) VALUES(1, 1, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:00', '2017-05-17 00:00:00'),
(2, 1, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:01', '2017-05-17 00:00:01'),
(3, 2, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:02', '2017-05-17 00:00:02'),
(4, 2, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:03', '2017-05-17 00:00:03'),
(5, 3, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:04', '2017-05-17 00:00:04'),
(6, 1, '评论3', '2017-05-17 00:00:05', '2017-05-17 00:00:05'),
(7, 4, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:06', '2017-05-17 00:00:06'),
(8, 4, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:07', '2017-05-17 00:00:07'),
(9, 4, '评论3', '2017-05-17 00:00:08', '2017-05-17 00:00:08'),
(10, 4, '评论4', '2017-05-17 00:00:09', '2017-05-17 00:00:09'),
(11, 3, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:10', '2017-05-17 00:00:10');select * from comment;+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+| id | user_id | content | addtime             | lastmodify          |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+|  1 |       1 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 |
|  2 |       1 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:01 | 2017-05-17 00:00:01 |
|  3 |       2 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:02 | 2017-05-17 00:00:02 |
|  4 |       2 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 |
|  5 |       3 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:04 | 2017-05-17 00:00:04 |
|  6 |       1 | 评论3   | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 |
|  7 |       4 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 |
|  8 |       4 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:07 | 2017-05-17 00:00:07 |
|  9 |       4 | 评论3   | 2017-05-17 00:00:08 | 2017-05-17 00:00:08 |
| 10 |       4 | 评论4   | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 |
| 11 |       3 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+

In the comment table, the content of each user’s last comment is with the ID 6 ,4,11,10 records.

Use group by query

select * from comment group by user_id;
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+| id | user_id | content | addtime             | lastmodify          |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+|  1 |       1 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 |
|  3 |       2 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:02 | 2017-05-17 00:00:02 |
|  5 |       3 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:04 | 2017-05-17 00:00:04 ||  7 |       4 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+

You can see the results. After grouping, only the first piece of data in the group will be returned. Because the group by syntax does not have the function of sorting within the group, it will only be displayed according to the default sorting of mysql.
How to sort the data in group by group, this needs to be processed according to different needs.

1. The one with the largest id must have the latest comment time

In this case we can use the id instead of the time Search and sort within the group, use max(id) to get the largest comment id (i.e. the latest comment) in each group

select * from comment where id in(select max(id) from comment group by user_id) order by user_id;
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+| id | user_id | content | addtime             | lastmodify          |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+|  6 |       1 | 评论3   | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 |
|  4 |       2 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 |
| 11 |       3 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 || 10 |       4 | 评论4   | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+

2. The id has nothing to do with the comment time. The comment time with the larger id may not be the latest

In this case, we need to use max(addtime) to get the latest comment. However, because the comment time of different users may be the same, it is necessary to add the user_id condition to query.

Recreate the test data

truncate table comment;INSERT INTO `comment` (`id`, `user_id`, `content`, `addtime`, `lastmodify`) VALUES(1, 1, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:00', '2017-05-17 00:00:00'),
(2, 1, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:10:01', '2017-05-17 00:10:01'),
(3, 2, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:10:02', '2017-05-17 00:10:02'),
(4, 2, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:03', '2017-05-17 00:00:03'),
(5, 3, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:10:04', '2017-05-17 00:10:04'),
(6, 1, '评论3', '2017-05-17 00:00:05', '2017-05-17 00:00:05'),
(7, 4, '评论1', '2017-05-17 00:00:06', '2017-05-17 00:00:06'),
(8, 4, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:10:07', '2017-05-17 00:10:07'),
(9, 4, '评论3', '2017-05-17 00:00:08', '2017-05-17 00:00:08'),
(10, 4, '评论4', '2017-05-17 00:00:09', '2017-05-17 00:00:09'),
(11, 3, '评论2', '2017-05-17 00:00:10', '2017-05-17 00:00:10');select * from comment;+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+| id | user_id | content | addtime             | lastmodify          |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+|  1 |       1 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 | 2017-05-17 00:00:00 |
|  2 |       1 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:10:01 | 2017-05-17 00:10:01 |
|  3 |       2 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:10:02 | 2017-05-17 00:10:02 |
|  4 |       2 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 | 2017-05-17 00:00:03 |
|  5 |       3 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:10:04 | 2017-05-17 00:10:04 |
|  6 |       1 | 评论3   | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 | 2017-05-17 00:00:05 |
|  7 |       4 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 | 2017-05-17 00:00:06 |
|  8 |       4 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:10:07 | 2017-05-17 00:10:07 |
|  9 |       4 | 评论3   | 2017-05-17 00:00:08 | 2017-05-17 00:00:08 |
| 10 |       4 | 评论4   | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 | 2017-05-17 00:00:09 |
| 11 |       3 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 | 2017-05-17 00:00:10 |
+----+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+

The records that meet the conditions should be the records with IDs 2,3,5,8

select a.* from comment as a right join (select user_id, max(addtime) as maxtime from comment where user_id is not null group by user_id) as b 
on a.user_id=b.user_id and a.addtime=b.maxtime order by a.user_id asc;+------+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+| id   | user_id | content | addtime             | lastmodify          |
+------+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+|    2 |       1 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:10:01 | 2017-05-17 00:10:01 |
|    3 |       2 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:10:02 | 2017-05-17 00:10:02 |
|    5 |       3 | 评论1   | 2017-05-17 00:10:04 | 2017-05-17 00:10:04 |
|    8 |       4 | 评论2   | 2017-05-17 00:10:07 | 2017-05-17 00:10:07 |
+------+---------+---------+---------------------+---------------------+

You can use right join Reduce the outer data set.
where user_id is not null You can use the index when group by user_id.

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