一、SQL注入简介
SQL注入是比较常见的网络攻击方式之一,它不是利用操作系统的BUG来实现攻击,而是针对程序员编程时的疏忽,通过SQL语句,实现无帐号登录,甚至篡改数据库。
二、SQL注入攻击的总体思路
1.寻找到SQL注入的位置
2.判断服务器类型和后台数据库类型
3.针对不通的服务器和数据库特点进行SQL注入攻击
三、SQL注入攻击实例
比如在一个登录界面,要求输入用户名和密码:
可以这样输入实现免帐号登录:
用户名: ‘or 1 = 1 –
密 码:
点登陆,如若没有做特殊处理,那么这个非法用户就很得意的登陆进去了.(当然现在的有些语言的数据库API已经处理了这些问题)
这是为什么呢? 下面我们分析一下:
从理论上说,后台认证程序中会有如下的SQL语句:
String sql = "select * from user_table where username= ' "+userName+" ' and password=' "+password+" '";
当输入了上面的用户名和密码,上面的SQL语句变成:
SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE username= '’or 1 = 1 -- and password='’
分析SQL语句:
条件后面username=”or 1=1 用户名等于 ” 或1=1 那么这个条件一定会成功;
然后后面加两个-,这意味着注释,它将后面的语句注释,让他们不起作用,这样语句永远都能正确执行,用户轻易骗过系统,获取合法身份。
这还是比较温柔的,如果是执行
SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE username='' ;DROP DATABASE (DB Name) --' and password=''
….其后果可想而知…
四、应对方法
下面我针对JSP,说一下应对方法:
1.(简单又有效的方法)PreparedStatement
采用预编译语句集,它内置了处理SQL注入的能力,只要使用它的setXXX方法传值即可。
使用好处:
(1).代码的可读性和可维护性.
(2).PreparedStatement尽最大可能提高性能.
(3).最重要的一点是极大地提高了安全性.
原理:
sql注入只对sql语句的准备(编译)过程有破坏作用
而PreparedStatement已经准备好了,执行阶段只是把输入串作为数据处理,
而不再对sql语句进行解析,准备,因此也就避免了sql注入问题.
2.使用正则表达式过滤传入的参数
要引入的包:
import java.util.regex.*;
正则表达式:
private String CHECKSQL = “^(.+)\\sand\\s(.+)|(.+)\\sor(.+)\\s$”;
判断是否匹配:
Pattern.matches(CHECKSQL,targerStr);
下面是具体的正则表达式:
检测SQL meta-characters的正则表达式 :
/(\%27)|(\’)|(\-\-)|(\%23)|(#)/ix
修正检测SQL meta-characters的正则表达式 :/((\%3D)|(=))[^\n]*((\%27)|(\’)|(\-\-)|(\%3B)|(:))/i
典型的SQL 注入攻击的正则表达式 :/\w*((\%27)|(\’))((\%6F)|o|(\%4F))((\%72)|r|(\%52))/ix
检测SQL注入,UNION查询关键字的正则表达式 :/((\%27)|(\’))union/ix(\%27)|(\’)
检测MS SQL Server SQL注入攻击的正则表达式:
/exec(\s|\+)+(s|x)p\w+/ix
等等…..
3.字符串过滤
比较通用的一个方法:
(||之间的参数可以根据自己程序的需要添加)
public static boolean sql_inj(String str){ String inj_str = "'|and|exec|insert|select|delete|update| count|*|%|chr|mid|master|truncate|char|declare|;|or|-|+|,"; String inj_stra[] = split(inj_str,"|"); for (int i=0 ; i < inj_stra.length ; i++ ){ if (str.indexOf(inj_stra[i])>=0){ return true; } } return false; }
4.jsp中调用该函数检查是否包函非法字符
防止SQL从URL注入:
sql_inj.java代码: package sql_inj; import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.sql.*; import java.text.*; import java.lang.String; public class sql_inj{ public static boolean sql_inj(String str){ String inj_str = "'|and|exec|insert|select|delete|update| count|*|%|chr|mid|master|truncate|char|declare|;|or|-|+|,"; //这里的东西还可以自己添加 String[] inj_stra=inj_str.split("\\|"); for (int i=0 ; i < inj_stra.length ; i++ ){ if (str.indexOf(inj_stra[i])>=0){ return true; } } return false; } }
5.JSP页面判断代码:
使用javascript在客户端进行不安全字符屏蔽
功能介绍:检查是否含有”‘”,”\\”,”/”
参数说明:要检查的字符串
返回值:0:是1:不是
函数名是
function check(a){ return 1; fibdn = new Array (”‘” ,”\\”,”/”); i=fibdn.length; j=a.length; for (ii=0; ii<i; ii++) { for (jj=0; jj<j; jj++) { temp1=a.charAt(jj); temp2=fibdn[ii]; if (tem’; p1==temp2) { return 0; } } } return 1; }
总的说来,防范一般的SQL注入只要在代码规范上下点功夫就可以了。
凡涉及到执行的SQL中有变量时,用JDBC(或者其他数据持久层)提供的如:PreparedStatement就可以 ,切记不要用拼接字符串的方法就可以了。
本文主要讲了五种实现防止sql注入的方法,更多相关内容请关注php中文网。
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