PHP是不少在Web开发领域奋战的勇士们所选用的武器,因为它是一种很直观的编程语言,有强大的函数,良好的跨平台兼容性,还有它是免费的。从网上的小商店到大型企业的网站都能看到PHP的影子。
PHP有一点特性经常被人们忽视,那就是和XSL stylesheets合作对XML进行解析的能力。下面就让我们来看看怎样在PHP中设置一个XSL解析器以及你该如何使用这一功能。
例子
列表A是一个简单的订单文档,我们会将这个文档输入XSL解析器。同时,列表B中的XSL stylesheet也会被输入XSL解析器。
Listing A: order.xml
Listing B: order.xsl
Account
SKU
Description
Price
Quantity
Subtotal
概述
在这个例子中我们主要用到PHP中的三个XSL函数。首先我们要创建一个XSL引擎的实例,然后把所有要输入的文档输入这个XSL引擎进行处理,并得到返回结果,最后,当我们再也不需要这个XSL引擎时就关闭它。
创建、处理、关闭
我们将要在内存中新建一个XSL进程。为了方便在其他XSL函数中使用这个XSL进程,PHP会给我们提供这个XSL进程的句柄,而不是一个对象。建立这个XSL引擎的命令是xslt_create。函数返回一个句柄,如下所示:
$handle = xslt_create();
为了真正的解析XML文档并使XSLT能够进行处理,你必须使用PHP中的xslt_process函数。这个函数需要获取几个不同的参数。
在这里我们使用一个很基本的方法,为xslt_process提供三个参数。第一个参数是我们较早前创建的那个XSL引擎的句柄。第二个参数是输入的XML文档的文件名。第三个参数是输入的XSL文件的文件名。这个函数会返回处理结果。下面是例子:
$return = xslt_process($handle, $xmlfile, $xslfile);
最后我们要用到的函数是xslt_free。这个函数用来杀掉内存中的XSL引擎实例并释放出内存空间。它只需要一个参数,就是内存中这个XSL实例的句柄。下面是个例子:
xslt_free($handle);
综合实现
下面让我们结合上面的各个代码片断实现PHP通过XSL stylesheets来处理XML文档的方法。我们使用列表A作为我们的输入XML文档,列表B作为我们XSL输入。列表C是这个例子的完整PHP代码:
Listing C: order.php
$xmlfile = "order.xml";
$xslfile = "order.xsl";
$args = array("column"=>"Quantity", "order"=>"descending");
$engine = xslt_create();
$output = xslt_process($engine, $xmlfile, $xslfile, NULL, NULL, $args);
print $output;
xslt_free($engine);
?>
这里需要注意一点,我们在代码中做了一点变动。在XSL stylesheet中,通过指定一些参数,我们可以改变一些区域,比如地址。这时我们要指定订单上的项目应该按数量递减方式排列。我们使用PHP的数组来存储名字对应我们的参数,然后通过xslt_process函数将名字传递给XSL引擎。
本文作者Brian Schaffner是富士通咨询公司的副主任。他为富士通的技术咨询公司提供架构、设计和开发支持。

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