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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialGD输出汉字的函数的分析_php基础

    很早以前找到一个把GB码转化为UTF-8的函数,配合一个GB到UNICODE的对照表(gb2312.txt),用于在GD中输出汉字。后来发现在欲输出的内容中含有西文字符时,会出现混乱。后来找到了修改后的代码,解决了问题。现将两个函数做一对比分析如下。

首先,这是一个UNICODE到UTF-8编码转换的函数,这一部分修改前后没有变化:
function u2utf8($c)
{
for($i=0;$i$str="";
if ($c $str.=$c;
}
else if ($c $str.=(0xC0 | $c>>6);
$str.=(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
}
else if ($c $str.=(0xE0 | $c>>12);
$str.=(0x80 | $c>>6 & 0x3F);
$str.=(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
}
else if ($c $str.=(0xF0 | $c>>18);
$str.=(0x80 | $c>>12 & 0x3F);
$str.=(0x80 | $c>>6 & 0x3F);
$str.=(0x80 | $c & 0x3F);
}
return $str;
}

这里完全是按照UTF-8编码的规则,通过判断字符属于不同的UNICODE编码段范围,进行不同的移位和位与操作,以转化为UTF-8编码。关于该规则可参考http://www.utf8.org/上的说明。

这是修改前的GB转化为UTF-8编码的函数,其中调用了上面的u2utf8函数。
function gb2utf8($gb)     /* Program writen by sadly www.phpx.com  */
{
if(!trim($gb))
return $gb;
$filename="gb2312.txt";
$tmp=file($filename);
$codetable=array();
while(list($key,$value)=each($tmp))
$codetable[hexdec(substr($value,0,6))]=substr($value,7,6);
$utf8="";
while($gb)
{
if (ord(substr($gb,0,1))>127)
{
$this=substr($gb,0,2);
$gb=substr($gb,2,strlen($gb));
$utf8.=u2utf8(hexdec($codetable[hexdec(bin2hex($this))-0x8080]));
}
else
{
$gb=substr($gb,1,strlen($gb));
$utf8.=u2utf8(substr($gb,0,1));
}
}

$ret="";
for($i=0;$i$ret.=chr(substr($utf8,$i,3));

return $ret;
}
函数中while循环部分,把汉字逐个按照“对照表”转化为UNICODE,再通过u2utf8函数转化为UTF-8。但从中可以看出,while循环结束后,又用一个for循环,把每三个字节合成了一个UTF-8字符(见http://www.utf8.org/上的规则说明,每个汉字的UTF-8编码为三字节),没有考虑到其中的西文字符(西文字符的UTF-8编码为一字节)。所以,如果欲输出的内容中不论是开始时出现西文字符,或是汉字当中穿插西文字符,转化为UTF-8后,都会被按照“每三个字节截取”的方式截开,导致乱码。


以下是修改后的函数:
function gb2utf8($gb)    /* Program writen by sadly   modified by agun */
{
if(!trim($gb))
return $gb;
$filename="gb2312.txt";
$tmp=file($filename);
$codetable=array();
while(list($key,$value)=each($tmp))
$codetable[hexdec(substr($value,0,6))]=substr($value,7,6);

$ret="";
$utf8="";
while($gb)
{
if (ord(substr($gb,0,1))>127)
{
$this=substr($gb,0,2);
$gb=substr($gb,2,strlen($gb));
$utf8=u2utf8(hexdec($codetable[hexdec(bin2hex($this))-0x8080]));
for($i=0;$i$ret.=chr(substr($utf8,$i,3));
}
else
{
$ret.=substr($gb,0,1);
$gb=substr($gb,1,strlen($gb));
}
}
return $ret;
}

修改后的函数将 GB转化为UNICODE、UNICODE转化为UTF-8、几个字节合成一个UTF-8字符,这三个步骤在一个循环里完成,尤其是几个字节合成一个UTF-8字符这一步骤,放在判断了字符属于西文还是属于汉字的条件分支里,据此决定截取一个字节还是三个字节。于是结果正确了!

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