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这次给大家带来如何使用vue源码解析事件机制,使用vue源码解析事件机制的注意事项有哪些,下面就是实战案例,一起来看一下。
<p id="app"> <p id="test1" @click="click1">click1</p> <p id="test2" @click.stop="click2">click2</p> <my-component v-on:click.native="nativeclick" v-on:componenton="parentOn"> </my-component> </p> </body> <script src="vue.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var Child = { template: '<p>A custom component!</p>' } Vue.component('my-component', { name: 'my-component', template: '<p>A custom component!<p @click.stop="toParent">test click</p></p>', components: { Child:Child }, created(){ console.log(this); }, methods: { toParent(){ this.$emit('componenton','toParent') } }, mounted(){ console.log(this); } }) new Vue({ el: '#app', data: function () { return { heihei:{name:3333}, a:1 } }, components: { Child:Child }, methods: { click1(){ alert('click1') }, click2(){ alert('click2') }, nativeclick(){ alert('nativeclick') }, parentOn(value){ alert(value) } } }) </script>
上面的demo中一共有四个事件。基本涵盖了vue中最经典的事件的四种情况
普通html元素上的事件
好吧。想想我们还是一个个来看。如果懂vue组件相关的机制会更容易懂。那么首先我们看看最简单的第一、二个(两个事件只差了个修饰符):
<p id="test1" @click="click1">click1</p>
这是简单到不能在简单的一个点击事件。
我们来看看建立这么一个简单的点击事件,vue中发生了什么。
1:new Vue()中调用了initState(vue):看代码
function initState (vm) { vm._watchers = []; var opts = vm.$options; if (opts.props) { initProps(vm, opts.props); } if (opts.methods) { initMethods(vm, opts.methods); }//初始化事件 if (opts.data) { initData(vm); } else { observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */); } if (opts.computed) { initComputed(vm, opts.computed); } if (opts.watch) { initWatch(vm, opts.watch); } } //接着看看initMethods function initMethods (vm, methods) { var props = vm.$options.props; for (var key in methods) { vm[key] = methods[key] == null ? noop : bind(methods[key], vm);//调用了bind方法,我们再看看bind { if (methods[key] == null) { warn( "method \"" + key + "\" has an undefined value in the component definition. " + "Did you reference the function correctly?", vm ); } if (props && hasOwn(props, key)) { warn( ("method \"" + key + "\" has already been defined as a prop."), vm ); } } } } //我们接着看看bind function bind (fn, ctx) { function boundFn (a) { var l = arguments.length; return l ? l > 1 ? fn.apply(ctx, arguments)//通过返回函数修饰了事件的回调函数。绑定了事件回调函数的this。并且让参数自定义。更加的灵活 : fn.call(ctx, a) : fn.call(ctx) } // record original fn length boundFn._length = fn.length; return boundFn }
总的来说。vue初始化的时候,将method中的方法代理到vue[key]的同时修饰了事件的回调函数。绑定了作用域。
2:vue进入compile环节需要将该p变成ast(抽象语法树)。当编译到该p时经过核心函数genHandler:
function genHandler ( name, handler ) { if (!handler) { return 'function(){}' } if (Array.isArray(handler)) { return ("[" + (handler.map(function (handler) { return genHandler(name, handler); }).join(',')) + "]") } var isMethodPath = simplePathRE.test(handler.value); var isFunctionExpression = fnExpRE.test(handler.value); if (!handler.modifiers) { return isMethodPath || isFunctionExpression//假如没有修饰符。直接返回回调函数 ? handler.value : ("function($event){" + (handler.value) + "}") // inline statement } else { var code = ''; var genModifierCode = ''; var keys = []; for (var key in handler.modifiers) { if (modifierCode[key]) { genModifierCode += modifierCode[key];//处理修饰符数组,例如.stop就在回调函数里加入event.stopPropagation()再返回。实现修饰的目的 // left/right if (keyCodes[key]) { keys.push(key); } } else { keys.push(key); } } if (keys.length) { code += genKeyFilter(keys); } // Make sure modifiers like prevent and stop get executed after key filtering if (genModifierCode) { code += genModifierCode; } var handlerCode = isMethodPath ? handler.value + '($event)' : isFunctionExpression ? ("(" + (handler.value) + ")($event)") : handler.value; return ("function($event){" + code + handlerCode + "}") } }
genHandler函数简单明了,如果事件函数有修饰符。就处理完修饰符,添加修饰符对应的函数语句。再返回。这个过程还会单独对native修饰符做特殊处理。这个等会说。compile完后自然就render。我们看看render函数中这块区域长什么样子:
复制代码 代码如下:
_c('p',{attrs:{"id":"test1"},on:{"click":click1}},[_v("click1")]),_v(" "),_c('p',{attrs:{"id":"test2"},on:{"click":function($event){$event.stopPropagation();click2($event)}}}
一目了然。最后在虚拟dom-》真实dom的时候。会调用核心函数:
function add$1 ( event, handler, once$$1, capture, passive ) { if (once$$1) { var oldHandler = handler; var _target = target$1; // save current target element in closure handler = function (ev) { var res = arguments.length === 1 ? oldHandler(ev) : oldHandler.apply(null, arguments); if (res !== null) { remove$2(event, handler, capture, _target); } }; } target$1.addEventListener( event, handler, supportsPassive ? { capture: capture, passive: passive }//此处绑定点击事件 : capture ); }
组件上的事件
好了下面就是接下来的组件上的点击事件了。可以预感到他走的和普通的html元素应该是不同的道路。事实也是如此:
<my-component v-on:click.native="nativeclick" v-on:componenton="parentOn"> </my-component>
最简单的一个例子。两个事件的区别就是一个有.native的修饰符。我们来看看官方.native的作用:在原生dom上绑定事件。好吧。很简单。我们跟随源码看看有何不同。这里可以往回看看我少的可怜的上一章组件机制。vue中的组件都是扩展的vue的一个新实例。在compile结束的时候你还是可以发现他也是类似的一个样子。如下图:
复制代码 代码如下:
_c('my-component',{on:{"componenton":parentOn},nativeOn:{"click":function($event){nativeclick($event)}}
可以看到加了.native修饰符的会被放入nativeOn的数组中。等待后续特殊处理。等不及了。我们直接来看看特殊处理。render函数在执行时。如果遇到组件。看过上一章的可以知道。会执行
function createComponent ( Ctor, data, context, children, tag ) { if (isUndef(Ctor)) { return } var baseCtor = context.$options._base; // plain options object: turn it into a constructor if (isObject(Ctor)) { Ctor = baseCtor.extend(Ctor); } // if at this stage it's not a constructor or an async component factory, // reject. if (typeof Ctor !== 'function') { { warn(("Invalid Component definition: " + (String(Ctor))), context); } return } // async component if (isUndef(Ctor.cid)) { Ctor = resolveAsyncComponent(Ctor, baseCtor, context); if (Ctor === undefined) { // return nothing if this is indeed an async component // wait for the callback to trigger parent update. return } } // resolve constructor options in case global mixins are applied after // component constructor creation resolveConstructorOptions(Ctor); data = data || {}; // transform component v-model data into props & events if (isDef(data.model)) { transformModel(Ctor.options, data); } // extract props var propsData = extractPropsFromVNodeData(data, Ctor, tag); // functional component if (isTrue(Ctor.options.functional)) { return createFunctionalComponent(Ctor, propsData, data, context, children) } // extract listeners, since these needs to be treated as // child component listeners instead of DOM listeners var listeners = data.on;//listeners缓存data.on的函数。这里就是componenton事件 // replace with listeners with .native modifier data.on = data.nativeOn;//正常的data.on会被native修饰符的事件所替换 if (isTrue(Ctor.options.abstract)) { // abstract components do not keep anything // other than props & listeners data = {}; } // merge component management hooks onto the placeholder node mergeHooks(data); // return a placeholder vnode var name = Ctor.options.name || tag; var vnode = new VNode( ("vue-component-" + (Ctor.cid) + (name ? ("-" + name) : '')), data, undefined, undefined, undefined, context, { Ctor: Ctor, propsData: propsData, listeners: listeners, tag: tag, children: children } ); return vnode }
整段代码关于事件核心操作:
var listeners = data.on;//listeners缓存data.on的函数。这里就是componenton事件 // replace with listeners with .native modifier data.on = data.nativeOn;//正常的data.on会被native修饰符的事件所替换
经过这两句话。.native修饰符的事件会被放在data.on上面。接下来data.on上的事件(这里就是nativeclick)会按普通的html事件往下走。最后执行target.add('',''')挂上原生的事件。而先前的data.on上的被缓存在listeneners的事件就没着么愉快了。接下来他会在组件init的时候。它会进入一下分支:
function initEvents (vm) { vm._events = Object.create(null); vm._hasHookEvent = false; // init parent attached events var listeners = vm.$options._parentListeners; if (listeners) { updateComponentListeners(vm, listeners); } } function updateComponentListeners ( vm, listeners, oldListeners ) { target = vm; updateListeners(listeners, oldListeners || {}, add, remove$1, vm); } function add (event, fn, once$$1) { if (once$$1) { target.$once(event, fn); } else { target.$on(event, fn); } }
发现组件上的没有.native的修饰符调用的是$on方法。这个好熟悉。进入到$on,$emit大致想到是一个典型的观察者模式的事件。看看相关$on,$emit代码。我加点注解:
Vue.prototype.$on = function (event, fn) { var this$1 = this; var vm = this; if (Array.isArray(event)) { for (var i = 0, l = event.length; i < l; i++) { this$1.$on(event[i], fn); } } else { (vm._events[event] || (vm._events[event] = [])).push(fn);//存入事件 // optimize hook:event cost by using a boolean flag marked at registration // instead of a hash lookup if (hookRE.test(event)) { vm._hasHookEvent = true; } } return vm }; Vue.prototype.$emit = function (event) { var vm = this; console.log(vm); { var lowerCaseEvent = event.toLowerCase(); if (lowerCaseEvent !== event && vm._events[lowerCaseEvent]) { tip( "Event \"" + lowerCaseEvent + "\" is emitted in component " + (formatComponentName(vm)) + " but the handler is registered for \"" + event + "\". " + "Note that HTML attributes are case-insensitive and you cannot use " + "v-on to listen to camelCase events when using in-DOM templates. " + "You should probably use \"" + (hyphenate(event)) + "\" instead of \"" + event + "\"." ); } } var cbs = vm._events[event]; console.log(cbs); if (cbs) { cbs = cbs.length > 1 ? toArray(cbs) : cbs; var args = toArray(arguments, 1); for (var i = 0, l = cbs.length; i < l; i++) { cbs[i].apply(vm, args);//当emit的时候调用该事件。注意上面说的vue在初始化的守候。用bind修饰了事件函数。所以组件上挂载的事件都是在父作用域中的 } } return vm };
看了上面的on,emit用法下面这个demo也就瞬间秒解了(一个经常用的非父子组件通信):
var bus = new Vue() // 触发组件 A 中的事件 bus.$emit('id-selected', 1) // 在组件 B 创建的钩子中监听事件 bus.$on('id-selected', function (id) { // ... })
是不是豁然开朗。
又到了愉快的总结时间了。segementfault的编辑器真难用。内容多就卡。哎。烦。卡的时间够看好多肥皂剧了。
总的来说。vue对于事件有两个底层的处理逻辑。
1: Ordinary html elements and events with the .native modifier on the component. Finally EventTarget.addEventListener() mounts the event
2: On the component, the event on the vue instance will call $on, $emit on the prototype (including some other api $off, $once, etc.)
I believe you have mastered the method after reading the case in this article. For more exciting information, please pay attention to other related articles on the php Chinese website!
Recommended reading:
How to use vue.js and element-ui to implement the menu tree structure
How to use vue Inner .sync modifier
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