How to use Vue+Nuxt.js to implement server-side rendering

This time I will show you how to use Vue Nuxt.js to implement server-side rendering. What are the things to note when using Vue Nuxt.js to implement server-side rendering? The following is a practical case. Let’s take a look. . Use Vue directly to build a front-end single-page application. The page source code only has a few simple lines of HTML, which is not conducive to the SEO of the website. At this time, server-side rendering is required

October 2016 On the 25th, the team behind zeit.co released a React server-side rendering application framework Next.js

A few hours later, a server-side rendering application framework based on Vue.js came into being, and Next .js has the same purpose, this is Nuxt.js

1. Quick templateOn the premise that vue-cli has been installed, you can quickly Create a nuxt project template

vue init nuxt-community/starter-template MyProject

where MyProject is the project folder name, which can be customized

Through npm install (it seems to be smoother with

yarn install

) After installing the dependencies , you can directly npm run dev in development environmentStart the projectThe default startup address is http://localhost:3000/, you can use

package. Add the following configuration to json

to modify the host port number

 "config": {
  "nuxt": {
   "host": "0.0.0.0",
   "port": "7788"
  }
 },

After the development is completed, execute npm run build to package the code, and finally npm start to start the service

2. Important DirectoryThe generated project directory is as follows

Most folder names

are reserved by nuxt by default and cannot be modified.

There are three directories that are critical for price comparison:

1. components component directory

Generally used to store

non-page level

components, such as header, footer and other public componentsThe components in this directory have the methods and characteristics of regular vue components and will not be extended by nuxt.js Features

2. layouts layout directory

You can modify the default.vue in this directory to modify the default layout

<template>
 <p>
  <my-header></my-header>
  <nuxt></nuxt>
  <my-footer></my-footer>
 </p>
</template>

Among them is required, the main content of the page will be displayed here (similar to the of the root node)

In addition, it can also be in the directory

Newly added

error.vue is used as an error page. For specific writing methods, please refer to the official documentation

3. pages page directory

## Used to store page-level components, nuxt will generate routes based on the page structure in this directory

For example, the page structure in the picture above will generate such routing configuration:

router: {
 routes: [
  {
   name: 'index',
   path: '/',
   component: 'pages/index.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'about',
   path: '/about',
   component: 'pages/about.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'classroom',
   path: '/classroom',
   component: 'pages/classroom.vue',
   children: [
    {
     path: 'student',
     component: 'pages/classroom/student.vue',
     name: 'student'
    },
    { //定义带参数的动态路由，需要创建对应的以下划线作为前缀的 Vue 文件或目录
     path: ':id',
     component: 'pages/classroom/_id.vue',
     name: 'classroom-id'
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

In addition, the vue components in this directory also have some special features provided by Nuxt.js

Among them, the

asyncData

method is more commonly used and supports asynchronous data processing

This method will It is called before each load of the page component

, and then obtains the data and returns it to the current component

asyncData ({ params, error }) {
  return axios.get(`api/posts/${params.id}`)
  .then((res) => {
   return { name: res.data.name}
  })
  .catch((e) => {
   error({ statusCode: 404, message: 'not found' })
  })
 }

The first parameter of the asyncData method is the context object context, specifically AttributesYou can view it here

Since the asyncData method is called before the component is initialized, there is no way to reference the instance object of the component through this within the method

Three . Use plug-ins

If you need to introduce other third-party plug-ins into the project, you can introduce them directly into the page, so that when packaging, the plug-ins will be packaged into the corresponding js of the page.

But if the same plug-in is introduced on other pages, it will be packaged repeatedly. If there is no need for paging packaging, you can configure plugins

at this time.

以 element-ui 为例，在安装了 element-ui 之后，在 plugins 目录下创建 elementUI.js

然后在根目录的 nuxt.config.js 中添加配置项 build.vendor 和 plugins

 build: {
  vendor: ['~/plugins/elementUI.js']
 },
 plugins: [
  {src: '~/plugins/elementUI.js'},
 ]

这里的 plugins 属性用来配置 vue.js 插件，也就是 可以用 Vue.user() 方法 的插件

默认只需要 src 属性，另外还可以配置 ssr: false，让该文件只在客户端被打包引入

如果是像 axios 这种第三方 （不能 use） 插件，只需要在 plugins 目录下创建 axios.js

// axios.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import axios from 'axios'
const service = axios.create({
 baseURL: '/api'
})
Vue.prototype.$ajax = axios
export default service

然后在 build.vendor  中添加配置 （不需要配置 plugins）

build: {
 vendor: ['~/plugins/axios.js']
}

这样在打包的时候，就会把 axios 打包到 vendor.js 中

四、Vuex 状态树

如果在 store 目录下创建了 index.js，nuxt.js 会根据该目录下的文件创建 Vuex 状态树

// store/index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Axios from '~/plugins/axios.js';
Vue.use(Vuex)
const store = () => new Vuex.Store({
 state: {
  author: 'WiseWrong',
  info: ''
 },
 mutations: {
  setInfo (state, val) {
   state.info = val
  }
 },
 actions: {
  loadAboutMeInfo ({commit, state}) {
   return Axios.get(`/about`)
    .then(res => {
     console.log('ajax is success')
     console.log(res.data.info)
     commit('setInfo', res.data.info)
    })
    .catch(err => {
     console.log('error')
    })
  }
 }
})
export default store

Nuxt.js 内置引用了 vuex 模块，不需要额外安装

上面的代码中，我在 actions 中写了一个 loadAboutMeInfo() 方法，用来请求 /api/about 接口

然后在 about.vue 页面中调用

// about.vue 
<template>
 <section>
  <p>
   <img  src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="~/assets/about.png" class="lazy" alt="How to use Vue+Nuxt.js to implement server-side rendering" >
  </p>
  <h1 id="store-state-info">{{$store.state.info}}</h1>
 </section>
</template>
<script>
export default {
 fetch({ store }) {
  return store.dispatch(&#39;loadAboutMeInfo&#39;)
 },
 name: &#39;about&#39;,
 data () {
  return {}
 }
}
</script>

成果演示：

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