How to implement operator overloading using JS

This time I will show you how to use JS to implement operator overloading, and what are the precautions on how to use JS to implement operator overloading. The following is a practical case, let's take a look.

I have been doing data processing recently, and I have customized some data structures, such as Mat, Vector, Point, etc. I have to repeatedly define the four arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The code is not very intuitive, javascript The lack of operator overloading in C and C# is really frustrating, so I wanted to "save the country" by automatically implementing operator overloading in the translation code. The implementation idea is actually very simple, which is to write an interpreter and compile the code. For example:

S ​​= A B (B - C.fun())/2 D

is translated into

`S = replace( replace(A, ' ', replace(replace(B,'',(replace(B,'-',C.fun())))),'/',2),' ',D)`

In the replace function, we call the corresponding operator function of the object. The replace function code is as follows:

/**
 * 转换方法
 * @param a
 * @param op
 * @param b
 * @returns {*}
 * @private
 */
export function __replace__(a,op,b){
  if(typeof(a) != 'object' && typeof(b) != 'object'){
    return new Function('a','b','return a' + op + 'b')(a,b)
  }
  if(!Object.getPrototypeOf(a).isPrototypeOf(b)
    && Object.getPrototypeOf(b).isPrototypeOf(a)){
    throw '不同类型的对象不能使用四则运算'
  }
  let target = null
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(a).isPrototypeOf(b)) {
    target = new Function('return ' + b.__proto__.constructor.name)()
  }
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(b).isPrototypeOf(a)) {
    target = new Function('return ' + a.__proto__.constructor.name)()
  }
  if (op == '+') {
    if (target.__add__ != undefined) {
      return target.__add__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() +'\n未定义__add__方法'
    }
  }else if(op == '-') {
    if (target.__plus__ != undefined) {
      return target.__plus__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__plus__方法'
    }
  }else if(op == '*') {
    if (target.__multiply__ != undefined) {
      return target.__multiply__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__multiply__方法'
    }
  } else if (op == '/') {
    if (target.__pide__ != undefined) {
      return target.__pide__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__pide__方法'
    }
  } else if (op == '%') {
    if (target.__mod__ != undefined) {
      return target.__mod__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__mod__方法'
    }
  } else if(op == '.*') {
    if (target.__dot_multiply__ != undefined) {
      return target.__dot_multiply__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__dot_multiply__方法'
    }
  } else if(op == './') {
    if (target.__dot_pide__ != undefined) {
      return target.__dot_pide__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__dot_pide__方法'
    }
  } else if(op == '**') {
    if (target.__power__ != undefined) {
      return target.__power__(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义__power__方法'
    }
  }else {
    throw op + '运算符无法识别'
  }
}

The implementation of replacement is very simple. Without too much explanation, the important part is how to implement the code. of compilation. The implementation of the four arithmetic operations when studying data structure in college is the basis of this translation, with slight differences. Briefly describe the process:

1. Split the expression, extract variables and operators to obtain the metaarray A
2. Traverse the metaarray

If the element is an operator addition, subtraction, multiplication and division , pop the previous element from the stack and convert it to replace(last, operator,
If the element is ')', pop the element from the stack, splice it until it encounters '(', and push it into the stack. Here You need to pay attention to whether the '(' element is preceded by a function call or replace. If it is a function call or replace, you need to continue to pop the data forward and close the replace function.
If it is a general element, check whether the previous element is replaced , if so, you need to splice ')' to close the replace function, otherwise push the element directly onto the stack.

3. Combine the stack sequence obtained in step 2 to get the compiled expression .

According to the above process, implement the code:

/**
 * 表达式转换工具方法
 * @param code
 */
export function translate (code) {
  let data = []
  let tmp_code = code.replace(/\s/g,'')
  let tmp = []
  let vari = tmp_code.split(/["]+[^"]*["]+|[']+[^']*[']+|\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\)|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|\}|=|%|\.\/|\.\*|,/g)
  let ops = tmp_code.match(/["]+[^"]*["]+|[&#39;]+[^&#39;]*[&#39;]+|\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\)|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|\}|=|%|\.\/|\.\*|,/g)
  for (let i = 0,len = ops.length; i < len; i++) {
    if (vari[i] != &#39;&#39;) {
      tmp.push(vari[i])
    }
    if (ops[i] != &#39;&#39;) {
      tmp.push(ops[i])
    }
  }
  tmp.push(vari[ops.length])
  for (let i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++){
    let item = tmp[i]
    if(/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|%|\.\/|\.\*/.test(tmp[i])) {
      let top = data.pop()
      let trans = &#39;__replace__(&#39; + top + &#39;,\&#39;&#39; + tmp[i] + &#39;\&#39;,&#39;
      data.push(trans)
    }else{
      if (&#39;)&#39; == tmp[i]) {
        let trans0 = tmp[i]
        let top0 = data.pop()
        while (top0 != &#39;(&#39;) {
          trans0 = top0 + trans0
          top0 = data.pop()
        }
        trans0 = top0 + trans0
        let pre = data[data.length - 1]
        while(/[_\w]+[\.]?[_\w]+/.test(pre)
        && !/^__replace__\(/.test(pre)
        && pre != undefined) {
          pre = data.pop()
          trans0 = pre + trans0
          pre = data[data.length - 1]
        }
        pre = data[data.length - 1]
        while(pre != undefined
        && /^__replace__\(/.test(pre)){
          pre = data.pop()
          trans0 = pre + trans0 + &#39;)&#39;
          pre = data[data.length - 1]
        }
        data.push(trans0)
      }else {
        let pre = data[data.length - 1]
        let trans1 = tmp[i]
        while(pre != undefined
        && /^__replace__\(/.test(pre)
        && !/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|=|\}|%|\.\/|\.\*/.test(item)
        && !/^__replace__\(/.test(item)) {
          if(tmp[i + 1] == undefined){
            pre = data.pop()
            trans1 = pre + trans1 + &#39;)&#39;
            break;
          }else{
            pre = data.pop()
            trans1 = pre + trans1 + &#39;)&#39;
            pre = data[data.length - 1]
          }

        }
        data.push(trans1)

      }
    }
  }
  let result = &#39;&#39;
  data.forEach((value, key, own) => {
    result += value
  })
  return result
}

After the expression compilation method is written, the next step is how to make the written code translated by our translator, that is, what is needed A container, two methods: one is to redefine method attributes in the class constructor, and the other is to pass the code as a parameter into our custom method. Next, let’s introduce the redefined method in the class constructor:

export default class OOkay {
  constructor () {
    let protos = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(this))
    protos.forEach((proto, key, own) => {
      if(proto != 'constructor'){
        Object.defineProperty(this, proto, {
          value:new Function(translate_block(proto, this[proto].toString())).call(this)
        })
      }
    })
  }
}

As can be seen from the above, we use Object.defineProperty to redefine it in the constructor. translate_block is to translate the entire code block into segments. The code is as follows:

/**
 * 类代码块转换工具
 * @param name
 * @param block
 * @returns {string}
 */
export function translate_block (name , block) {
  let codes = block.split('\n')
  let reg = new RegExp('^' + name + '$')
  console.log(reg.source)
  codes[0] = codes[0].replace(name,'function')
  for(let i = 1; i < codes.length; i++) {
    if (codes[i].indexOf(&#39;//&#39;) != -1) {
      codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,codes[i].indexOf(&#39;//&#39;))
    }
    if(/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|%|\.\/|\.\*/g.test(codes[i])){
      if (codes[i].indexOf(&#39;return &#39;) != -1) {
        let ret_index = codes[i].indexOf(&#39;return &#39;) + 7
        codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,ret_index) + translate(codes[i].substring(ret_index))
      }else {
        let eq_index = codes[i].indexOf(&#39;=&#39;) + 1
        codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,eq_index) + translate(codes[i].substring(eq_index))
      }
    }
  }
  return &#39;return &#39; + codes.join(&#39;\n&#39;)
}

For the new class, we only need If you inherit the OOkay class, you can use operator overloading in this class. For those that inherit from non-OOOkay classes, we can use injection, as follows:

/**
   * 非继承类的注入方法
   * @param target
   */
  static inject (target) {
    let protos = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(target))
    protos.forEach((proto, key, own) => {
      if (proto != 'constructor') {
        Object.defineProperty(target, proto, {
          value:new Function(translate_block(proto, target[proto].toString())).call(target)
        })
      }
    })
  }

For code in non-classes, we need a container, here I used two methods, one is using ookay script, like this

Alternatively, the code is passed as a parameter to the __$$__ method, which compiles the code and executes it, as follows:

static __$__(fn) {
    if(!(fn instanceof Function)){
      throw '参数错误'
    }
    (new Function(translate_block('function',fn.toString()))).call(window)()
  }

In this way, operator duplication is achieved Zai

I believe you have mastered the method after reading the case in this article. For more exciting information, please pay attention to other related articles on the php Chinese website!

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The above is the detailed content of How to implement operator overloading using JS. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!