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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialClasses and objects in PHP: Detailed graphic explanation of static attributes and static methods

这篇文章主要介绍了php中类和对象:静态属性、静态方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

在PHP中,使用关键字 static 修饰成员属性和成员方法被称为静态属性和静态方法。静态属性和静态方法不需要在类被实例化的情况下可以直接使用。

静态属性

与普通的成员属性不同,静态属性属于类本身而不属于类的任何实例。静态属性可以被看做是存储在类当中的全局变量,可以在任何地方通过类来访问它们。

由于静态属性不受任何具体对象的限制,所以不需要建立类实例,而可以直接引用类中的静态属性,使用语法格式如下:

类名称::$静态属性名称

其中,符号”::”被称作范围解析操作符,它可以用于访问静态成员、静态方法和常量,还可以用于覆盖类中的成员和方法。

如果想在同一类的成员方法中访问静态属性,可以通过在该静态属性的名称前加上操作符”self::”来实现。例子如下:


class DaBing{
  static $bing=0;   //定义静态属性 bing
  function addOne(){
    self::$bing++;    //调用同一类中的静态属性 bing
    echo"\$bing的值为:".self::$bing++;
  }
}
$obj=new DaBing();
$obj->addOne();


该程序使静态属性的值加1,执行结果为:1

静态方法

在PHP中将成员方法声明为静态,就称其为静态方法。由于静态方法不受任何具体对象的限制,所以不需要建立类实例就可以直接引用类中的方法。语法格式如下:

类名称::静态方法名称([参数1,参数2,……])
与调用静态属性相同,在类中使用操作符”self::”来表示调用同一类中的静态方法,例子如下:


class DaBing{
  static function addOne($number){ //定义静态方法 addOne()
    echo"\$number+1=";
    echo $number+1;
  }
  static function showResult($number){
    echo"\$number=".$number;
    echo"<br>";
    self::addOne($number); //调用同一类中的静态方法 addOne()
  }
}
$number=100;
DaBing::showResult($number);


该程序执行的结果为:

$number=100
$number+1=101


以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。


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