


Three major ways to handle cross-domain ajax processing in jquery (graphic tutorial)
这篇文章主要介绍了jquery中ajax处理跨域的三大方式,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
由于JS同源策略的影响,因此js只能访问同域名下的文档。因此要实现跨域,一般有以下几个方法:
一、处理跨域的方式:
1.代理
2.XHR2
HTML5中提供的XMLHTTPREQUEST Level2(及XHR2)已经实现了跨域访问。但ie10以下不支持
只需要在服务端填上响应头:
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*"); /*星号表示所有的域都可以接受,*/ header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods:GET,POST");
3.jsonP
原理:
ajax本身是不可以跨域的,
通过产生一个script标签来实现跨域。因为script标签的src属性是没有跨域的限制的。
其实设置了dataType: 'jsonp'后,$.ajax方法就和ajax XmlHttpRequest没什么关系了,取而代之的则是JSONP协议。JSONP是一个非官方的协议,它允许在服务器端集成Script tags返回至客户端,通过javascript callback的形式实现跨域访问。
ajax的跨域写法:
(其余写法和不跨域的一样):
比如
/*当前网址是localhost:3000*/ js代码 $.ajax({ type:"get", url:"http://localhost:3000/showAll",/*url写异域的请求地址*/ dataType:"jsonp",/*加上datatype*/ jsonpCallback:"cb",/*设置一个回调函数,名字随便取,和下面的函数里的名字相同就行*/ success:function(){ 。。。 } }); /*而在异域服务器上,*/ app.js app.get('/showAll',students.showAll);/*这和不跨域的写法相同*/ /*在异域服务器的showAll函数里,*/ var db = require("./database"); exports.showAll = function(req,res){ /**设置响应头允许ajax跨域访问**/ res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*"); /*星号表示所有的异域请求都可以接受,*/ res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods","GET,POST"); var con = db.getCon(); con.query("select * from t_students",function(error,rows){ if(error){ console.log("数据库出错:"+error); }else{ /*注意这里,返回的就是jsonP的回调函数名+数据了*/ res.send("cb("+JSON.stringify(r)+")"); } }); }
二、解决ajax跨域访问、 JQuery 的跨域方法
JS的跨域问题,我想很多程序员的脑海里面还认为JS是不能跨域的,其实这是一个错误的观点;有很多人在网上找其解决方法,教其用IFRAME去解决的文章很多,真有那么复杂吗?其实很简单的,如果你用JQUERY,一个GETJSON方法就搞定了,而且是一行代码搞定。
下面开始贴出方法。
//跨域(可跨所有域名) $.getJSON("http://user.hnce.com.cn/getregion.aspx?id=0&jsoncallback=?",function(json){ //要求远程请求页面的数据格式为: ?(json_data) //例如: //?([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}]) alert(json[0]._name); }); $.getJSON("http://user.hnce.com.cn/getregion.aspx?id=0&jsoncallback=?",function(json){ //要求远程请求页面的数据格式为: ?(json_data) //例如: //?([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}]) alert(json[0]._name); });
注意,getregion.aspx中,在输出JSON数据时,一定要用Request.QueryString["jsoncallback"],将获取的内容放到返回JSON数据的前面,假设实际获取的值为42342348,那么返回的值就是 42342348([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}])
因为getJSON跨域的原理是把?随机变一个方法名,然后返回执行的,实现跨域响应的目的。
下面一个是跨域执行的真实例子:
<script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //跨域(可跨所有域名) $.getJSON("http://e.hnce.com.cn/tools/ajax.aspx?jsoncallback=?", { id: 0, action: 'jobcategoryjson' }, function(json) { alert(json[0].pid); alert(json[0].items[0]._name); }); </script>
<script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //跨域(可跨所有域名) $.getJSON("http://e.hnce.com.cn/tools/ajax.aspx?jsoncallback=?", { id: 0, action: 'jobcategoryjson' }, function(json) { alert(json[0].pid); alert(json[0].items[0]._name); }); </script>
jQuery跨域原理:
浏览器会进行同源检查,这导致了跨域问题,然而这个跨域检查还有一个例外那就是HTML的<script>标记;我们经常使用<Script>的src属性,脚本静态资源放在独立域名下或者来自其它站点的时候这里是一个url;这个url响应的结果可以有很多种,比如JSON,返回的Json值成为<Script>标签的src属性值.这种属性值变化并不会引起页面的影响.按照惯例,浏览器在URL的查询字符串中提供一个参数,这个参数将作为结果的前缀一起返回到浏览器;</script>
看下面的例子:
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://domain2.com/getjson?jsonp=parseResponse"> </script> 响应值:parseResponse({"Name": "Cheeso", "Rank": 7}) <script type="text/javascript" src="http://domain2.com/getjson?jsonp=parseResponse"> </script> 响应值:parseResponse({"Name": "Cheeso", "Rank": 7})
这种方式被称作JsonP;(如果链接已经失效请点击这里:JSONP);即:JSON with padding 上面提到的前缀就是所谓的“padding”。那么jQuery里面是怎么实现的呢?
貌似并没有<script>标记的出现!?OKay,翻看源码来看:</script>
页面调用的是getJSON:
getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { return jQuery.get(url, data, callback, "json"); },
继续跟进
get: function( url, data, callback, type ) { // shift arguments if data argument was omited if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) { type = type || callback; callback = data; data = null; } return jQuery.ajax({ type: "GET", url: url, data: data, success: callback, dataType: type });
跟进jQuery.ajax,下面是ajax方法的代码片段:
// Build temporary JSONP function if ( s.dataType === "json" && (s.data && jsre.test(s.data) || jsre.test(s.url)) ) { jsonp = s.jsonpCallback || ("jsonp" + jsc++); // Replace the =? sequence both in the query string and the data if ( s.data ) { s.data = (s.data + "").replace(jsre, "=" + jsonp + "$1"); } s.url = s.url.replace(jsre, "=" + jsonp + "$1"); // We need to make sure // that a JSONP style response is executed properly s.dataType = "script"; // Handle JSONP-style loading window[ jsonp ] = window[ jsonp ] || function( tmp ) { data = tmp; success(); complete(); // Garbage collect window[ jsonp ] = undefined; try { delete window[ jsonp ]; } catch(e) {} if ( head ) { head.removeChild( script ); } }; } if ( s.dataType === "script" && s.cache === null ) { s.cache = false; } if ( s.cache === false && type === "GET" ) { var ts = now(); // try replacing _= if it is there var ret = s.url.replace(rts, "$1_=" + ts + "$2"); // if nothing was replaced, add timestamp to the end s.url = ret + ((ret === s.url) ? (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + "_=" + ts : ""); } // If data is available, append data to url for get requests if ( s.data && type === "GET" ) { s.url += (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + s.data; } // Watch for a new set of requests if ( s.global && ! jQuery.active++ ) { jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); } // Matches an absolute URL, and saves the domain var parts = rurl.exec( s.url ), remote = parts && (parts[1] && parts[1] !== location.protocol || parts[2] !== location.host); // If we're requesting a remote document // and trying to load JSON or Script with a GET if ( s.dataType === "script" && type === "GET" && remote ) { var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0] || document.documentElement; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.src = s.url; if ( s.scriptCharset ) { script.charset = s.scriptCharset; } // Handle Script loading if ( !jsonp ) { var done = false; // Attach handlers for all browsers script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function() { if ( !done && (!this.readyState || this.readyState === "loaded" || this.readyState === "complete") ) { done = true; success(); complete(); // Handle memory leak in IE script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null; if ( head && script.parentNode ) { head.removeChild( script ); } } }; } // Use insertBefore instead of appendChild to circumvent an IE6 bug. // This arises when a base node is used (#2709 and #4378). head.insertBefore( script, head.firstChild ); // We handle everything using the script element injection return undefined; }
上面的代码第1行到第10行:判断是JSON类型调用,为本次调用创建临时的JsonP方法,并且添加了一个随机数字,这个数字源于用日期值;
关注第14行,这一行相当关键,注定了我们的结果最终是<script> ;然后是构造Script片段,第95行在Head中添加该片段,修成正果;</script>
不仅仅是jQuery,很多js框架都是用了同样的跨域方案,这就是getJSON跨域的原理。
上面是我整理给大家的,希望今后会对大家有帮助。
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