


PHP uses strace to locate and troubleshoot fault locations and solve them
这次给大家带来PHP通过strace定位排解故障位置并解决,PHP通过strace定位排解故障位置并解决的注意事项有哪些,下面就是实战案例,一起来看一下。
俗话说:不怕贼偷,就怕贼惦记着。在面对故障的时候,我也有类似的感觉:不怕出故障,就怕你不知道故障的原因,故障却隔三差五的找上门来。
十一长假还没结束,服务器却频现高负载,Nginx出现错误日志:
connect() failed (110: Connection timed out) while connecting to upstream
connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream
看上去是Upstream出了问题,在本例中Upstream就是PHP(版本:5.2.5)。可惜监控不完善,我搞不清楚到底是哪出了问题,无奈之下只好不断重启PHP来缓解故障。
如果每次都手动重启服务无疑是个苦差事,幸运的是可以通过CRON设置每分钟执行:
#/bin/bash LOAD=$(awk '{print $1}' /proc/loadavg) if [ $(echo "$LOAD > 100" | bc) = 1 ]; then /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart fi
可惜这只是一个权宜之计,要想彻底解决就必须找出故障的真正原因是什么。
闲言碎语不要讲,轮到Strace出场了,统计一下各个系统调用的耗时情况:
shell> strace -c -p $(pgrep -n php-cgi) % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 30.53 0.023554 132 179 brk 14.71 0.011350 140 81 mlock 12.70 0.009798 15 658 16 recvfrom 8.96 0.006910 7 927 read 6.61 0.005097 43 119 accept 5.57 0.004294 4 977 poll 3.13 0.002415 7 359 write 2.82 0.002177 7 311 sendto 2.64 0.002033 2 1201 1 stat 2.27 0.001750 1 2312 gettimeofday 2.11 0.001626 1 1428 rt_sigaction 1.55 0.001199 2 730 fstat 1.29 0.000998 10 100 100 connect 1.03 0.000792 4 178 shutdown 1.00 0.000773 2 492 open 0.93 0.000720 1 711 close 0.49 0.000381 2 238 chdir 0.35 0.000271 3 87 select 0.29 0.000224 1 357 setitimer 0.21 0.000159 2 81 munlock 0.17 0.000133 2 88 getsockopt 0.14 0.000110 1 149 lseek 0.14 0.000106 1 121 mmap 0.11 0.000086 1 121 munmap 0.09 0.000072 0 238 rt_sigprocmask 0.08 0.000063 4 17 lstat 0.07 0.000054 0 313 uname 0.00 0.000000 0 15 1 access 0.00 0.000000 0 100 socket 0.00 0.000000 0 101 setsockopt 0.00 0.000000 0 277 fcntl ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.077145 13066 118 total
看上去「brk」非常可疑,它竟然耗费了三成的时间,保险起见,单独确认一下:
shell> strace -T -e brk -p $(pgrep -n php-cgi) brk(0x1f18000) = 0x1f18000 <0.024025> brk(0x1f58000) = 0x1f58000 <0.015503> brk(0x1f98000) = 0x1f98000 <0.013037> brk(0x1fd8000) = 0x1fd8000 <0.000056> brk(0x2018000) = 0x2018000 <0.012635>
说明:在Strace中和操作花费时间相关的选项有两个,分别是「-r」和「-T」,它们的差别是「-r」表示相对时间,而「-T」表示绝对时间。 简单统计可以用「-r」,但是需要注意的是在多任务背景下,CPU随时可能会被切换出去做别的事情,所以相对时间不一定准确,此时最好使用「-T」,在行 尾可以看到操作时间,可以发现确实很慢。
在继续定位故障原因前,我们先通过「man brk」来查询一下它的含义:
brk() sets the end of the data segment to the value specified by end_data_segment, when that value is reasonable, the system does have enough memory and the process does not exceed its max data size (see setrlimit(2)).
简单点说就是内存不够用时通过它来申请新内存(data segment),可是为什么呢?
shell> strace -T -p $(pgrep -n php-cgi) 2>&1 | grep -B 10 brk stat("/path/to/script.php", {...}) = 0 <0.000064> brk(0x1d9a000) = 0x1d9a000 <0.000067> brk(0x1dda000) = 0x1dda000 <0.001134> brk(0x1e1a000) = 0x1e1a000 <0.000065> brk(0x1e5a000) = 0x1e5a000 <0.012396> brk(0x1e9a000) = 0x1e9a000 <0.000092>
通过「grep」我们很方便就能获取相关的上下文,反复运行几次,发现每当请求某些PHP脚本时,就会出现若干条耗时的「brk」,而且这些PHP 脚本有一个共同的特点,就是非常大,甚至有几百K,为何会出现这么大的PHP脚本?实际上是程序员为了避免数据库操作,把非常庞大的数组变量通过「var_export」持久化到PHP文件中,然后在程序中通过「include」来获取相应的变量,因为变量太大,所以PHP不得不频繁执行「brk」,不幸的是在本例的环境中,此操作比较慢,从而导致处理请求的时间过长,加之PHP进程数有限,于是乎在Nginx上造成请求拥堵,最终导致高负载故障。
下面需要验证一下推断似乎否正确,首先查询一下有哪些地方涉及问题脚本:
shell> find /path -name "*.php" | xargs grep "script.php"
直接把它们都禁用了,看看服务器是否能缓过来,或许大家觉得这太鲁蒙了,但是特殊情况必须做出特殊的决定,不能像个娘们儿似的优柔寡断,没过多久,服务器负载恢复正常,接着再统计一下系统调用的耗时:
shell> strace -c -p $(pgrep -n php-cgi) % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 24.50 0.001521 11 138 2 recvfrom 16.11 0.001000 33 30 accept 7.86 0.000488 8 59 sendto 7.35 0.000456 1 360 rt_sigaction 6.73 0.000418 2 198 poll 5.72 0.000355 1 285 stat 4.54 0.000282 0 573 gettimeofday 4.41 0.000274 7 42 shutdown 4.40 0.000273 2 137 open 3.72 0.000231 1 197 fstat 2.93 0.000182 1 187 close 2.56 0.000159 2 90 setitimer 2.13 0.000132 1 244 read 1.71 0.000106 4 30 munmap 1.16 0.000072 1 60 chdir 1.13 0.000070 4 18 setsockopt 1.05 0.000065 1 100 write 1.05 0.000065 1 64 lseek 0.95 0.000059 1 75 uname 0.00 0.000000 0 30 mmap 0.00 0.000000 0 60 rt_sigprocmask 0.00 0.000000 0 3 2 access 0.00 0.000000 0 9 select 0.00 0.000000 0 20 socket 0.00 0.000000 0 20 20 connect 0.00 0.000000 0 18 getsockopt 0.00 0.000000 0 54 fcntl 0.00 0.000000 0 9 mlock 0.00 0.000000 0 9 munlock ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.006208 3119 24 total
显而易见,「brk」已经不见了,取而代之的是「recvfrom」和「accept」,不过这些操作本来就是很耗时的,所以可以定位「brk」就是故障的原因。
拥抱故障,每一次故障都是历练。正所谓:天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,增益其所不能。
相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法,更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章!
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