How to implement operator overloading in JS

This time I will show you how to implement operator overloading in JS, and what are the notes for implementing operator overloading in JS. The following is a practical case, let’s take a look.

I have been doing data processing recently, and I have customized some data structures, such as Mat, Vector, Point, etc. I have to repeatedly define the four arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The code is not very intuitive, javascript The lack of operator overloading in C and C# is really frustrating, so I wanted to "save the country" by automatically implementing operator overloading in the translation code. The implementation idea is actually very simple, which is to write an interpreter and compile the code. For example:

S ​​= A B (B - C.fun())/2 D

is translated into

`S = replace(replace(A, ' ', replace( replace(B,'',(replace(B,'-',C.fun())))),'/',2),' ',D)`

In the replace function we Call the corresponding operator function of the object. The replace function code is as follows:

/**
 * 转换方法
 * @param a
 * @param op
 * @param b
 * @returns {*}
 * @private
 */
export function replace(a,op,b){
  if(typeof(a) != 'object' && typeof(b) != 'object'){
    return new Function('a','b','return a' + op + 'b')(a,b)
  }
  if(!Object.getPrototypeOf(a).isPrototypeOf(b)
    && Object.getPrototypeOf(b).isPrototypeOf(a)){
    throw '不同类型的对象不能使用四则运算'
  }
  let target = null
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(a).isPrototypeOf(b)) {
    target = new Function('return ' + b.proto.constructor.name)()
  }
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf(b).isPrototypeOf(a)) {
    target = new Function('return ' + a.proto.constructor.name)()
  }
  if (op == '+') {
    if (target.add != undefined) {
      return target.add(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() +'\n未定义add方法'
    }
  }else if(op == '-') {
    if (target.plus != undefined) {
      return target.plus(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义plus方法'
    }
  }else if(op == '*') {
    if (target.multiply != undefined) {
      return target.multiply(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义multiply方法'
    }
  } else if (op == '/') {
    if (target.pide != undefined) {
      return target.pide(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义pide方法'
    }
  } else if (op == '%') {
    if (target.mod != undefined) {
      return target.mod(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义mod方法'
    }
  } else if(op == '.*') {
    if (target.dot_multiply != undefined) {
      return target.dot_multiply(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义dot_multiply方法'
    }
  } else if(op == './') {
    if (target.dot_pide != undefined) {
      return target.dot_pide(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义dot_pide方法'
    }
  } else if(op == '**') {
    if (target.power != undefined) {
      return target.power(a, b)
    }else {
      throw target.toString() + '\n未定义power方法'
    }
  }else {
    throw op + '运算符无法识别'
  }
}

The implementation of replacement is very simple. Without too much explanation, the important part is how to compile the code. The implementation of the four arithmetic operations when studying data structure in college is the basis of this translation, with slight differences. Briefly describe the process:

1. Split the expression, extract variables and operators to obtain the metaarray A
2. Traverse the metaarray

If the elements are operators addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, then from Pop the previous element from the stack and convert it to replace(last, operator,
If the element is ')', pop the element from the stack, splice it until it encounters '(', and push it into the stack. You need to pay attention here' ('Whether there is a function call or replace before the element. If it is a function call or replace, you need to continue to pop the data forward and close the replacement function.
If it is a general element, check whether the previous element is replaced. If so , you need to splice ')' to close the replace function, otherwise push the elements directly onto the stack

3. Combine the stack sequence obtained in step 2 to get the compiled expression

##. #According to the above process, implement the code:

/**
 * 表达式转换工具方法
 * @param code
 */
export function translate (code) {
  let data = []
  let tmp_code = code.replace(/\s/g,'')
  let tmp = []
  let vari = tmp_code.split(/["]+[^"]*["]+|[']+[^']*[']+|\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\)|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|\}|=|%|\.\/|\.\*|,/g)
  let ops = tmp_code.match(/["]+[^"]*["]+|[&#39;]+[^&#39;]*[&#39;]+|\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\)|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|\}|=|%|\.\/|\.\*|,/g)
  for (let i = 0,len = ops.length; i < len; i++) {
    if (vari[i] != &#39;&#39;) {
      tmp.push(vari[i])
    }
    if (ops[i] != &#39;&#39;) {
      tmp.push(ops[i])
    }
  }
  tmp.push(vari[ops.length])
  for (let i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++){
    let item = tmp[i]
    if(/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|%|\.\/|\.\*/.test(tmp[i])) {
      let top = data.pop()
      let trans = &#39;replace(&#39; + top + &#39;,\&#39;&#39; + tmp[i] + &#39;\&#39;,&#39;
      data.push(trans)
    }else{
      if (&#39;)&#39; == tmp[i]) {
        let trans0 = tmp[i]
        let top0 = data.pop()
        while (top0 != &#39;(&#39;) {
          trans0 = top0 + trans0
          top0 = data.pop()
        }
        trans0 = top0 + trans0
        let pre = data[data.length - 1]
        while(/[_\w]+[\.]?[_\w]+/.test(pre)
        && !/^replace\(/.test(pre)
        && pre != undefined) {
          pre = data.pop()
          trans0 = pre + trans0
          pre = data[data.length - 1]
        }
        pre = data[data.length - 1]
        while(pre != undefined
        && /^replace\(/.test(pre)){
          pre = data.pop()
          trans0 = pre + trans0 + &#39;)&#39;
          pre = data[data.length - 1]
        }
        data.push(trans0)
      }else {
        let pre = data[data.length - 1]
        let trans1 = tmp[i]
        while(pre != undefined
        && /^replace\(/.test(pre)
        && !/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|\(|\?|>[=]|<[=]|={2}|:|&{2}|\|{2}|\{|=|\}|%|\.\/|\.\*/.test(item)
        && !/^replace\(/.test(item)) {
          if(tmp[i + 1] == undefined){
            pre = data.pop()
            trans1 = pre + trans1 + &#39;)&#39;
            break;
          }else{
            pre = data.pop()
            trans1 = pre + trans1 + &#39;)&#39;
            pre = data[data.length - 1]
          }
        }
        data.push(trans1)
      }
    }
  }
  let result = &#39;&#39;
  data.forEach((value, key, own) => {
    result += value
  })
  return result
}

The expression compilation method has been written. The next step is how to make the written code translated by our translator, which means a container is needed. Two methods: one One is to redefine the method attributes in the class constructor, and the other is to pass the code as a parameter to our custom method. Next, we will introduce the redefined method in the class constructor:

export default class OOkay {
  constructor () {
    let protos = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(this))
    protos.forEach((proto, key, own) => {
      if(proto != 'constructor'){
        Object.defineProperty(this, proto, {
          value:new Function(translate_block(proto, this[proto].toString())).call(this)
        })
      }
    })
  }
}

As can be seen from the above. , we use Object.defineProperty to redefine it in the constructor. translate_block is to divide the entire code block and translate it. The code is as follows:

/**
 * 类代码块转换工具
 * @param name
 * @param block
 * @returns {string}
 */
export function translate_block (name , block) {
  let codes = block.split('\n')
  let reg = new RegExp('^' + name + '$')
  console.log(reg.source)
  codes[0] = codes[0].replace(name,'function')
  for(let i = 1; i < codes.length; i++) {
    if (codes[i].indexOf(&#39;//&#39;) != -1) {
      codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,codes[i].indexOf(&#39;//&#39;))
    }
    if(/\*\*|\+|-|\*|\/|%|\.\/|\.\*/g.test(codes[i])){
      if (codes[i].indexOf(&#39;return &#39;) != -1) {
        let ret_index = codes[i].indexOf(&#39;return &#39;) + 7
        codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,ret_index) + translate(codes[i].substring(ret_index))
      }else {
        let eq_index = codes[i].indexOf(&#39;=&#39;) + 1
        codes[i] = codes[i].substring(0,eq_index) + translate(codes[i].substring(eq_index))
      }
    }
  }
  return &#39;return &#39; + codes.join(&#39;\n&#39;)
}

For new classes, we only need to inherit the OOkay class to

Use operator overloading. For those that inherit from non-OOkay classes, we can use injection, as follows:

/**
   * 非继承类的注入方法
   * @param target
   */
  static inject (target) {
    let protos = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(target))
    protos.forEach((proto, key, own) => {
      if (proto != 'constructor') {
        Object.defineProperty(target, proto, {
          value:new Function(translate_block(proto, target[proto].toString())).call(target)
        })
      }
    })
  }

For code in non-classes, we need a container, here I used two methods, one is using ookay script, like this

Another option is to pass the code as a parameter into the $$ method, which compiles the code and executes it, as follows:

static $(fn) {
    if(!(fn instanceof Function)){
      throw '参数错误'
    }
    (new Function(translate_block('function',fn.toString()))).call(window)()
  }

I believe you have mastered the method after reading the case in this article, and more Please pay attention to other related articles on php Chinese website!

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