PHP regular expression capturing group and non-capturing group
这篇文章主要介绍了php之正则表达式捕获组与非捕获组的详细介绍,需要的朋友可以参考下
在项目开发过程中正则表示经常会用到,可以说会正则表达式是每个程序员最基本的要求,初学者在刚接触正则表达式都感到很吃力。最近看到一位朋友的博客写的《PHP正则表达式》获益颇多,在章节对通配符以及捕获数据非常感兴趣。这两章节刚好也涉及到了正则表达式的捕获组和非捕获组的内容,以此来分析这方面的内容
我们知道,在正则表达式下(x) 表示匹配'x'并记录匹配的值。这只是比较通俗的说法,甚至说这是不严谨的说法,只有()捕获组形式才会记录匹配的值。非捕获组则只匹配,不记录。
捕获组:
(pattern)
这种形式是我们见到最多的一种形式,匹配并返回捕获结果,可以嵌套,组号顺序从左到右依次排列‘。
复制代码 代码如下:
$regex = '/(ab(c)+)+d(e)?/'; $str = 'abccde'; $matches = array(); if(preg_match($regex, $str, $matches)){ print_r($matches); }
匹配结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
Array ( [0] => abccde [1] => abcc [2] => c [3] => e ) (?P<name>pattern)
这种方式虽然看起来在构造正则表达式的时候略微复杂一点,但实质上与(pattern)一样。最大的优势体现在对结果处理上,程序员可以直接根据自己设置的
复制代码 代码如下:
$regex = '/(?P<group1>\w(?P<group2>\w))abc(?P<group3>\w)45/'; $str = 'fsabcd45'; $matches = array(); if(preg_match($regex, $str, $matches)){ print_r($matches); }
匹配结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
Array ( [0] => fsabcd45 [group1] => fs [1] => fs [group2] => s [2] => s [group3] => d [3] => d ) \num
num是一个整数,是对捕获组的反向引用。 例如\2表示第二个子组匹配值,\表示第一个子组匹配值
复制代码 代码如下:
$regex = '/(\w)(\w)\2\1/'; $str = 'abba'; $matches = array(); if(preg_match($regex, $str, $matches)){ print_r($matches); }
匹配结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
Array ( [0] => abba [1] => a [2] => b )
注意,这里我疏忽了一个小细节,一开始我第一样代码是 $regex = “/(\w)(\w)\2\1/”; 结果返回无匹配结果,经过调试后,发现这里只能用' '。'与" 用法差别大家还是需要注意下。
\k
了解了(?P
复制代码 代码如下:
$regex='/(?P<name>\w)abc\k<name>/'; $str="fabcf"; echo preg_match_all($regex, $str,$matches); print_r($matches);
匹配结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => fabcf ) [name] => Array ( [0] => f ) [1] => Array ( [0] => f ) )
非捕获组:
(?:pattern)
与(pattern)的唯一区别是,匹配pattern但不捕获匹配结果。这里便不再举例。
还有四种方式实际上讲的是一个事情:预查。
预查分为正向预查与反向预查。根据字面理解,正向预查是判断匹配字符串后面某些字符存在与否,而反向预查则是判断匹配字符串前面某些字符存在与否。
正向预查判断存在使用(?=pattern),判断不存在使用(?!pattern)。
反向预查判断存在使用(?
复制代码 代码如下:
$regx='/(?<=a)bc(?=d)/'; $str="abcd ebcd abce ebca"; if(preg_match_all($regx, $str, $matches)){ print_r($matches); }
匹配结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => bc) )
这四种形式使用的是否只要注意好相对匹配字符串的位置和断言肯定还是否定,就会很快掌握。
另外,预查的四种形式是零宽度的,匹配的时候只做一个判断,本身是不占位置的。/HE(?=L)LLO/ 与HELLO匹配,而/HE(?=L)LO/与HELLO是不匹配的。毕竟但从字节数上两者就是不匹配的,前者只有4个,而后者有5个。
The above is the detailed content of PHP regular expression capturing group and non-capturing group. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool