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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialCommonly used syntactic sugars for PHP 5.0 to 7.1

Commonly used syntactic sugars for PHP 5.0 to 7.1

Apr 08, 2018 pm 01:44 PM
phpCommonly usedgrammar

In computer science, syntactic sugar refers to the syntax in a programming language that can more easily express an operation. It can make it easier for programmers to use the language: operations can become clearer and more convenient. , or more in line with programmers' programming habits.

Type

Boolean
  • Empty objects are considered true after 4.0

    The internal structure of
String
  • string is similar to array. You can use subscripts to access characters like python. String

        $str = '012345';    echo $str[1];  //1
        echo $str{2};  //2
Array
  • ##5.4 In the future, you can define arrays like JS

        $arr = ['one', 'two', 'three']; //感觉方便了很多

Global variables

时间长不用总会忘记重新整理一下加深下印象

$_SERVER
  • SERVER_ADDR IP address 127.0.0.1

  • SERVER_NAME Host name localhost

  • SERVER_SOFTWARE Server type nginx

  • ##REMOTE_ADDR

    Client IP. 127.0.0.1 s

  • $_FILES
  • $_FILES['file'][ 'name']

    Original name of the picture

  • $_FILES['file']['type']

    Picture MIME type

  • $_FILES['file']['size']

    Picture size

  • $_FILES['file']['tmp_name ']

    Server-side temporary name

    ##Constant
##5.3
    can be used later
  • const

    To define constants<pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>const DEBUG = true;</pre>Operator

##
Comparison operator,
    7.0
  • Later support

    echo  $a <=> $b;/*
    当 $a < $b 时, 表达式返回 -1
    当 $a = $b 时, 表达是返回 0
    当 $a > $b 时, 表达式返回  1
    */

    ##??
  • Null coalescing operator
PHP7
    feature.
  • <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$name = $_POST[&amp;#39;name&amp;#39;] ?? &amp;#39;&amp;#39;; //如果前面的值不为null,则返回本身,否则返回后面的值</pre>Ternary operator

    ?:
5.3
    Can be used in the future
  • <pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>$name = $_POST[&amp;#39;name&amp;#39;] ?: &amp;#39;&amp;#39;; ////如果前面的值不为null,则返回本身,否则返回后面的值</pre>Process control

goto
5.3
    The above is valid

操作符可以用来跳转到程序中的另一位置。该目标位置可以用目标名称加上冒号来标记,而跳转指令是 goto 之后接上目标位置的标记。PHP 中的 goto 有一定限制,目标位置只能位于同一个文件和作用域,也就是说无法跳出一个函数或类方法,也无法跳入到另一个函数。也无法跳入到任何循环或者 switch 结构中。可以跳出循环或者 switch,通常的用法是用 goto 代替多层的 break。

goto a;echo &#39;Foo&#39;;

a:echo &#39;Bar&#39;;//输出 Bar
函数
  • 变长参数 ..., 5.6以后可用

function dosum(...$arr){
    $sum = 0;    foreach($arr as $v){        $sum += $v;
    }    return $sum;
}$arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];echo dosum(...$arr);   // 输出15echo dosum(1,2,3,4,5,6); //输出21//TODO/**
这个语法,我最近总在用。感觉还比较简单。不过要注意服务器版本。。最近入了一个坑。
*/
  • 匿名函数(Anonymous functions)5.3

也叫闭包函数,在JS中很常见。为了防止污染全局作用域。5.3 以后PHP也支持了这种写法

$test = function($name=&#39;Li&#39;){
    echo &#39;My name is &#39;.$name;
};$test();

如果想要从父作用域中继承变量怎么办

//这里定义一个默认的输出名字的方式$tpl = &#39;My name is &#39;;//使用 use() 来引用父级的变量,最后输出结果与上边一致 $test = function($name=&#39;Li&#39;) use($tpl) {
    echo $tpl.$name;
};$test();

需要注意的是,闭包函数的父作用域,是定义它的作用域,不是调用的作用域

类和对象

  • ::class 类的静态方法,用于获取类的完全限定名称,(包含命名空间)

namespace Foo{    class test{

    }    echo test::class; // 输出 FOO\test, 在使用命名空间的情况非常有用}
  • 5.4 新增加的一个多继承实现方式trait。下面总结了一下基本概念

1.trait 和 class 是相似的概念,但不能被实例化 
2.一个类可以使用多个trait,优先级是 class > trait > 父类继承的方法 
3.使用insteadof 来解决 tarit 冲突 
4.使用as,来修改方法的访问控制 
5.在trait中也可以使用tarit。和在class中用法一致

trait A {    public function say(){
        echo &#39;trait  A&#39;;
    }
}trait B {    public function say(){
        echo &#39;trait B&#39;;
    }    public function walk(){
        echo &#39;walk B&#39;;
    }
}class Person {
    use A, B{        B :: say insteadof A; // 使用B的say方法代替了A的say方法
        walk as protected;    // 将walk 设置为受保护的
    }


}$obj = new Person;$obj->say();  // echo trait A;$obj->walk(); // 提示不能访问一个受保护的方法

6.在trait中使用, 属性、静态属性、静态方法、抽象类都是被允许的。

trait Test {    public static $obj;    public $name = 1;    static function createObj(){
        return empty(self::$obj) ? new self : self::$obj;
    }
}class son {
    use Test;
}$obj = son::createObj();echo $obj->name;  // echo 1echo $obj === $obj1 ? 0 : 1; // echo 1



  • 5.3 类的后期静态绑定 
    官方的解释是: 


该功能从语言内部角度考虑被命名为”后期静态绑定”。”后期绑定”的意思是说,static:: 不再被解析为定义当前方法所在的类,而是在实际运行时计算的。也可以称之为”静态绑定”,因为它可以用于(但不限于)静态方法的调用 
乍一看,好像什么也没看懂。看看具体的代码吧。
class A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }    public static function test() {
        self::who();
    }
}class B extends A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
}
B::test(); // echo A;// 上面是一个正常的调用, 输出了 A// 当我们把 class A 的 test 方法修改一下。 将 self 改成 static 后class A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }    public static function test() {
        static::who();
    }
}class B extends A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
}
B::test(); // echo B;

总结:PHP5.3新增加了一类关键字,static 可以在调用函数的方法。用这个关键字,来实现了后期静态绑定

异常处理

比较简单记录一下
try{    throw new Execption(&#39;抛出异常&#39;);
} catch (Execption $e){    //获取异常
    $error = $e->getMessage();
}echo $error;  //抛出异常

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