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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialHow to use Ajax to preview images before uploading

这次给大家带来Ajax怎么实现上传前先预览图片的功能,Ajax实现上传前先预览图片功能的注意事项有哪些,下面就是实战案例,一起来看一下。

手头上有几个小项目用到了easyUI,一开始决定使用easyUI就注定了项目整体上前后端分离,基本上所有的请求都采用Ajax来完成。在文件上传的时候用到了Ajax上传文件,以及图片在上传之前的预览效果,解决了这两个小问题,和小伙伴们分享下。

上传之前的预览

方式一

先来说说图片上传之前的预览问题。这里主要采用了HTML5中的FileReader对象来实现,关于FileReader对象,如果小伙伴们不了解,可以查看这篇文章HTML5学习之FileReader接口。我们来看看实现方式:

nbsp;html>


 <meta>
 <title>Ajax上传文件</title>
 <script></script>


用户名:<input><br>
用户图像:<input><br>
<p></p>
<input>
<script>
 $("#btnClick").click(function () {
  var formData = new FormData();
  formData.append("username", $("#username").val());
  formData.append("file", $("#userface")[0].files[0]);
  $.ajax({
   url: &#39;/fileupload&#39;,
   type: &#39;post&#39;,
   data: formData,
   processData: false,
   contentType: false,
   success: function (msg) {
    alert(msg);
   }
  });
 });
 function preview(file) {
  var prevp = document.getElementById(&#39;preview&#39;);
  if (file.files && file.files[0]) {
   var reader = new FileReader();
   reader.onload = function (evt) {
    prevp.innerHTML = &#39;<img  src="/static/imghwm/default1.png"  data-src="&#39; + evt.target.result + &#39;"  class="lazy"   / alt="How to use Ajax to preview images before uploading" >&#39;;
   }
   reader.readAsDataURL(file.files[0]);
  } else {
   prevp.innerHTML = &#39;<p class="img" style="filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(sizingMethod=scale,src=\&#39;&#39; + file.value + &#39;\&#39;">&#39;;
  }
 }
</script>

这里对于支持FileReader的浏览器直接使用FileReader来实现,不支持FileReader的浏览器则采用微软的滤镜来实现(注意给图片上传的input标签设置onchange函数)。

实现效果如下:

How to use Ajax to preview images before uploading

方式二

除了这种方式之外我们也可以采用网上现成的一个jQuery实现的方式。这里主要参考了这里。

不过由于原文年代久远,里边使用的$.browser.msie从jQuery1.9就被移除掉了,所以如果我们想使用这个得做一点额外的处理,我修改后的uploadPreview.js文件内容如下:

jQuery.browser={};(function(){jQuery.browser.msie=false; jQuery.browser.version=0;if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE ([0-9]+)./)){ jQuery.browser.msie=true;jQuery.browser.version=RegExp.$1;}})();
jQuery.fn.extend({
 uploadPreview: function (opts) {
  var _self = this,
   _this = $(this);
  opts = jQuery.extend({
   Img: "ImgPr",
   Width: 100,
   Height: 100,
   ImgType: ["gif", "jpeg", "jpg", "bmp", "png"],
   Callback: function () {}
  }, opts || {});
  _self.getObjectURL = function (file) {
   var url = null;
   if (window.createObjectURL != undefined) {
    url = window.createObjectURL(file)
   } else if (window.URL != undefined) {
    url = window.URL.createObjectURL(file)
   } else if (window.webkitURL != undefined) {
    url = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(file)
   }
   return url
  };
  _this.change(function () {
   if (this.value) {
    if (!RegExp("\.(" + opts.ImgType.join("|") + ")$", "i").test(this.value.toLowerCase())) {
     alert("选择文件错误,图片类型必须是" + opts.ImgType.join(",") + "中的一种");
     this.value = "";
     return false
    }
    if ($.browser.msie) {
     try {
      $("#" + opts.Img).attr('src', _self.getObjectURL(this.files[0]))
     } catch (e) {
      var src = "";
      var obj = $("#" + opts.Img);
      var p = obj.parent("p")[0];
      _self.select();
      if (top != self) {
       window.parent.document.body.focus()
      } else {
       _self.blur()
      }
      src = document.selection.createRange().text;
      document.selection.empty();
      obj.hide();
      obj.parent("p").css({
       'filter': 'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(sizingMethod=scale)',
       'width': opts.Width + 'px',
       'height': opts.Height + 'px'
      });
      p.filters.item("DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader").src = src
     }
    } else {
     $("#" + opts.Img).attr('src', _self.getObjectURL(this.files[0]))
    }
    opts.Callback()
   }
  })
 }
});

然后在我们的html文件中引入这个js文件即可:

nbsp;html>


 <meta>
 <title>Ajax上传文件</title>
 <script></script>
 <script></script>


用户名:<input><br>
用户图像:<input><br>
<p><img  src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/061/021/535d128da07129b22c4181f772d94948-1.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,p_40" class="lazy" alt="How to use Ajax to preview images before uploading" ></p>
<input>
<script>
 $("#btnClick").click(function () {
  var formData = new FormData();
  formData.append("username", $("#username").val());
  formData.append("file", $("#userface")[0].files[0]);
  $.ajax({
   url: &#39;/fileupload&#39;,
   type: &#39;post&#39;,
   data: formData,
   processData: false,
   contentType: false,
   success: function (msg) {
    alert(msg);
   }
  });
 });
 $("#userface").uploadPreview({Img: "ImgPr", Width: 120, Height: 120});
</script>

这里有如下几点需要注意:

1.HTML页面中要引入我们自定义的uploadPreview.js文件

2.预先定义好要显示预览图片的img标签,该标签要有id。

3.查找到img标签然后调用uploadPreview函数

执行效果如下:

How to use Ajax to preview images before uploading

Ajax上传图片文件

Ajax上传图片文件就简单了,没有那么多方案,核心代码如下:

 var formData = new FormData();
  formData.append("username", $("#username").val());
  formData.append("file", $("#userface")[0].files[0]);
  $.ajax({
   url: '/fileupload',
   type: 'post',
   data: formData,
   processData: false,
   contentType: false,
   success: function (msg) {
    alert(msg);
   }
  });

核心就是定义一个FormData对象,将要上传的数据包装到这个对象中去。然后在ajax上传数据的时候设置data属性就为formdata,processData属性设置为false,表示jquery不要去处理发送的数据,然后设置contentType属性的值为false,表示不要设置请求头的contentType属性。OK,主要就是设置这三个,设置成功之后,其他的处理就和常规的ajax用法一致了。

相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法,更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章!

推荐阅读:

AjaxFileUpload怎么动态的添加文件上传框

AJAX如何检测用户名是否具有重复性

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