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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP编程中字符串处理的5个技巧小结_php技巧

字符串
注意单引号和双引号的区别
注意转义字符\的使用\,\",\$
注意使用8进制或16进制字符表示 \xf6
echo "H\xf6me";//需要察看是否支持此类文字编码
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------
H鰉e
---------------------------------------------------------------------

1.使用printf()和sprintf()创建格式化的输出

printf()直接输出到输出缓冲区
sprintf()的输出作为字符串返回
如printf("输出内容 %.2f\n",$PI());
所有的转换规范都以%开头
数据类型有d-整数,s-字符串,f-浮点数,b-二进制
.2是一个可选的宽度指标,小数点右边输出使用0填充
printf("%.2f",3.14159);
printf("%10.2f",3.14159);
printf("%.10f",3.14159);
printf("%.9s",abcdefghijklmn);
printf("%5.2f,%f,%7.3f\m",3.14159,3.14159,3.14159);
printf("%b %d %f %s \n",123,123,123,"test");
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------
3.14 3.143.1415900000abcdefghi 3.14,3.141590, 3.142\m1111011 123 123.000000 test 
---------------------------------------------------------------------

2.字符串填充

string str_pad(string input原始字串, int length添加后的总长度[, string padding要填充的字符 [, int pad_type]填充类型])
填充类型有添加在左边STR_PAD_LEFT,默认添在右边,填充在两端STR_PAD_BOTH
$index = array("one"=>1,"two"=>155,"three"=>1679);
echo "
";
echo str_pad("这是标题",50," ",STR_PAD_BOTH)."\n";
foreach($index as $inkey=>$inval)
        echo str_pad($inkey,30,".").str_pad($inval,20,".",STR_PAD_LEFT)."\n";
echo "
";
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------

                     这是标题                     
one..............................................1
two............................................155
three.........................................1679

---------------------------------------------------------------------
string strtolower(string subject)//转换为小写
string strtoupper(string subject)//转换为大写
string ucfirst(string subject)//首字母大写
string ucwords(string subject)//每个单词首字母大写
string ltrim(string subject)//去左空白
string rtrim(string subject)//去右空白
string trim(string subject)去左右空白,空白包括null,制表符,换行符,回车符和空格
string n12br(string source)//将 表示的换行符转换为
标记

3.字符串比较

integer strcmp(sting str1,string str2) //str1大于str2返回-1 str1小于str2返回1 str1和str2相等返回0 
integer strmcmp(sting str1,string str2,integer length) //第三个参数限制length个字符的比较
print strcmp("aardvark","aardwolf");
print strncmp("aardvark","aardwolf",4);
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------
-10
---------------------------------------------------------------------
strcasecmp()和strncasecmp()是不区分大小写的比较函数

4.查找和抽取子字符串

string substr(sting source,integer start[,integer length])//从start开始取length个字符
start和length可以使用负值
$var = "abcdefgh";
print substr($var,2);//从0开始计数
print substr($var,2,3);
print substr($var,-1);//从字符串的末尾开始
print substr($var,-5,2);
print substr($var,-5,-2);
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------
cdefgh
cde
h
de
def
---------------------------------------------------------------------
integer strpos(string haystack,string needle[,integer offset])//查找子字符串的位置,返回第一次出现.
integer strrpos(string haystack,string needle)//只搜索单个字符(多个字符只取第一个),返回最后一次出现的索引.
还有常见的从 字符串中抽取找到的部分 的函数
string strstr(string haystack,string needle)//不区分大小写
string stristr(string haystack,string needle)//区分大小写
string strrchr(string haystack,sting needle)
*********** array explode(string separator,string subject[,integer limit])//返回一个字符串数组
array implode(string glue,array pieces)//返回一个字符串
///////////////////////////代码段////////////////////////////////////////
$guest = "this is a string";
$guestArray = explode(" ",$guest);
var_dump($guestArray);
sort($guestArray);
echo implode(",",$guestArray);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
---------------------输出结果----------------------------------------
array(4) { [0]=> string(4) "this" [1]=> string(2) "is" [2]=> string(1) "a" [3]=> string(6) "string" } a,is,string,this
---------------------------------------------------------------------

5.替换字符和子字符串

string substr_replace(string source,string replace,int start[,int length]) 

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