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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialHow to implement interception functions slice(), substring(), substr() in js string

在js中字符截取函数有常用的三个slice()、substring()、substr()了,下面我来给大家介绍slice()、substring()、substr()函数在字符截取时的一些用法与区别吧。 取字符串的三个函数:slice(start,[end]),substring(start,[end])和substr(start,[length]) 

相关属性:

 slice() 

第一个参数代表开始位置,第二个参数代表结束位置的下一个位置,截取出来的字符串的长度为第二个参数与第一个参数之间的差;若参数值为负数,则将该值加上字符串长度后转为正值;若第一个参数等于大于第二个参数,则返回空字符串...

substring()
第一个参数代表开始位置,第二个参数代表结束位置的下一个位置;若参数值为负数,则将该值转为0;两个参数中,取较小值作为开始位置,截取出来的字符串的长度为较大值与较小值之间的差.

substr()
第一个参数代表开始位置,第二个参数代表截取的长度

PS:字符串都从0开始计起

例子:

<script type="text/javascript">   
   var stmp = "rcinn.cn";
   //使用一个参数      
    alert(stmp.slice(3));//从第4个字符开始,截取到最后个字符;返回"nn.cn"      
    alert(stmp.substring(3));//从第4个字符开始,截取到最后个字符;返回"nn.cn"
    
     //使用两个参数      
     alert(stmp.slice(1,5))//从第2个字符开始,到第5个字符;返回"cinn"      
     alert(stmp.substring(1,5));//从第2个字符开始,到第5个字符;返回"cinn"
     
     //如果只用一个参数并且为0的话,那么返回整个参数      
     alert(stmp.slice(0));//返回整个字符串      
     alert(stmp.substring(0));//返回整个字符串
     
     //返回第一个字符
     alert(stmp.slice(0,1));//返回"r"      
     alert(stmp.substring(0,1));//返回"r"
     
      //在上面的例子中我们可以看出slice()和substring()的用法是相同的      
      //返回的值也是一样的,但当参数为负数时,他们的返回值却不一样,看下面的例子      
      alert(stmp.slice(2,-5));//返回"i"      
      alert(stmp.substring(2,-5));//返回"rc"      
      //从上面两个例子可以看出slice(2,-5)实际上是slice(2,3)      
      //负5加上字符串长度8转换成正3(若第一位数字等于或大于第二位数字,则返回空字符串);     
       //而substring(2,-5)实际上是substring(2,0),负数转换为0,substring总是把较小的数作为起始位置。
      alert(stmp.substring(1,5))//从第2个字符开始,到第5个字符;返回"cinn"      
      alert(stmp.substr(1,5));//从第2个字符开始,截取5个字符;返回"cinn."
</script>

substr 和 substring方法的区别

<script type="text/javascript"> 
var str = "0123456789";// 
alert(str.substring(0));//------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(5));//------------"56789" 
alert(str.substring(10));//-----------"" 
alert(str.substring(12));//-----------"" 
alert(str.substring(-5));//-----------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(-10));//----------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(-12));//----------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(0,5));//----------"01234" 
alert(str.substring(0,10));//---------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(0,12));//---------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substring(2,0));//----------"01" 
alert(str.substring(2,2));//----------"" 
alert(str.substring(2,5));//----------"234" 
alert(str.substring(2,12));//---------"23456789" 
alert(str.substring(2,-2));//---------"01" 
alert(str.substring(-1,5));//---------"01234" 
alert(str.substring(-1,-5));//--------"" 
alert(str.substr(0));//---------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(5));//---------------"56789" 
alert(str.substr(10));//--------------"" 
alert(str.substr(12));//--------------"" 
alert(str.substr(-5));//--------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(-10));//-------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(-12));//-------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(0,5));//-------------"01234" 
alert(str.substr(0,10));//------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(0,12));//------------"0123456789" 
alert(str.substr(2,0));//-------------"" 
alert(str.substr(2,2));//-------------"23" 
alert(str.substr(2,5));//-------------"23456" 
alert(str.substr(2,12));//------------"23456789" 
alert(str.substr(2,-2));//------------"" 
alert(str.substr(-1,5));//------------"01234" 
alert(str.substr(-1,-5));//-----------"" 
</script>

函数:split() 
功能:使用一个指定的分隔符把一个字符串分割存储到数组
例子:

str=”jpg|bmp|gif|ico|png”;
arr=theString.split(”|”);

//arr是一个包含字符值”jpg”、”bmp”、”gif”、”ico”和”png”的数组

函数:John() 
功能:使用您选择的分隔符将一个数组合并为一个字符串
例子:

var delimitedString=myArray.join(delimiter);
var myList=new Array(”jpg”,”bmp”,”gif”,”ico”,”png”);
var portableList=myList.join(”|”);
//结果是jpg|bmp|gif|ico|png

 函数:indexOf()
功能:返回字符串中匹配子串的第一个字符的下标

var myString=”JavaScript”;
var w=myString.indexOf(”v”);w will be 2
var x=myString.indexOf(”S”);x will be 4
var y=myString.indexOf(”Script”);y will also be 4
var z=myString.indexOf(”key”);z will be -1

在网上看到另一种非常简单的方法,代码如下:

function func(s, n) {
    return s.replace(/([^x00-xff])/g, “$1a”).slice(0, n).replace(/([^x00-xff])a/g, “$1″);
  }

这个方法非常巧妙,而且基本上是正确的。说“基本上”是因为它在取“123汉字测试”左边长度为 6 的子串时,它返回的是“123汉字”,而不是“123汉”。当然,这也并不一定就是问题,某些情况下需求可能就是这样。这个方法还可以再改进一下,如下:

function func(s, n) {
    return s.slice(0, n).replace(/([^x00-xff])/g, “$1a”).slice(0, n).replace(/([^x00-xff])a/g, “$1″);
  }

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