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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialDetailed explanation of shell arithmetic operations in Linux

Detailed explanation of shell arithmetic operations in Linux

Mar 20, 2018 pm 01:51 PM
linuxshellDetailed explanation

This article mainly shares with you the detailed explanation of Shell arithmetic operations in Linux. Summarizes the four methods of arithmetic operations in Bash shell. I hope it can help everyone.

1. Use expr external program

Add r=`expr 4 + 5`
echo $r

Attention! '4' '+' '5' There must be spaces between the three

r=`expr 4 * 5` # Error

Multiplication r =`expr 4 \* 5`

2. Use $(( ))

r=$( (4 + 5))

echo $r

3. Use $[ ]##r= $[ 4 + 5 ]

echo $r


Multiplication

r=`expr 4 \* 5`

r=$(( 4 * 5 ))
r=$ [ 4 * 5 ]
echo $r

Division

r=`expr 40 / 5`

r=$(( 40 / 5 ))
r=$[ 40 / 5 ]
echo $r

Subtraction

r=`expr 40 - 5`

r=$(( 40 - 5 ))
r=$[ 40 - 5 ]
echo $r

Find the remainder

r=$[ 100 % 43 ]

echo $r

Multiple to the power (such as 2 to the 3rd power)

r=$(( 2 ** 3 ))

r=$[ 2 ** 3 ]
echo $r
Note: expr is not raised to a power

4. Use the let command Addition:

n=10

let n=n+1
echo $n #n= 11

Multiplication:

let m=n*10

echo $m

Division:

let r=m/10

echo $r

Find the remainder:

let r=m%7

echo $r

Multiple to the power:

let r=m**2
echo $r

Although the Bash shell has four arithmetic operation methods, not all of them are cross-platform. It is recommended to use expr.

In addition, we often have

add 1 operation
in scripts. The following four methods are available: m=$[ m + 1]m=`expr $m + 1`
m=$(($m + 1))
let m=m+1

 

Shell awk 循环求和

1. 简单求和

$ cat test.txt 
11
22
33
44
55
$ awk '{sum += $1};END{print sum}' test.txt  
165


2. 特定列求和

$ cat test.txt 
aa      11
bb      22
cc      33
aa      44
dd      55
$ awk '/aa/ {sum += $2};END {print sum}' test.txt 
55


3. 求和、平均数、最大值、最小值

$ cat test.txt 
aa      11
bb      22
cc      33
aa      44
dd      55
$ cat test.txt | awk '{sum += $2};END {print sum}'
165
$ cat test.txt | awk '{sum += $2};END {print sum/NR}'
33
$ cat test.txt | awk 'BEGIN {max=0} {if($2>max) max=$2 fi};END {print max}'
55
$ cat test.txt | awk &#39;BEGIN {min=999999999} {if($2<min) min=$2 fi};END {print min}&#39;

awk 浮点运算:

运算表达式: awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.6f\n", ( 10 / 3)}'

运算结果: 3.333333

PS:shell的内部算术运算符无法处理浮点数,所以当需要处理浮点数是,要用到外部工具(如awk)

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