1.简介
Composer是一个PHP的代码包依赖管理工具。它不是一个包管理工具,它涉及到"packages" 和 "libraries",是在项目的基础上进行管理,在项目中某个地方(例如vendor)进行安装。因此Composer仅仅是一个依赖管理工具。
2.Windows安装
安装步骤:
第一步:下载并且运行 Composer-Setup.exe,按照指示完成安装(需要配置PHP环境);
第二步:打开命令行窗口,执行composer -V,看到版本信息后说明安装完成;
3.项目安装(以Yii为例)
3.1 安装Yii
第一步:在执行以下命令
composer global require "fxp/composer-asset-plugin:^1.3.1"composer create-project --prefer-dist --stability=dev yiisoft/yii2-app-basic basic注: 第一条命令安装 Composer asset plugin, 它是通过 Composer 管理 bower 和 npm 包所必须的,此命令全局生效。第二条命令安装 Yii 的最新开发版本。 第二步:访问Yii,能看到正常页面说明安装成功。 3.2 安装yii2-mongodb的扩展
第一步:cd到yii2的项目目录,执行以下命令
composer require --prefer-dist yiisoft/yii2-mongodb
第二步:安装完成后,查看vendor\yiisoft是否创建了yii2-mongodb,如果过创建了则安装成功。
3.3 Composer.json文件
配置说明:
1.require 定义了项目需要哪些包,~2.0.14表示>=2.0.14 and 2.autoload 定义了自动加载的文件,psr-4表示遵循PSR-4命名空间的自动加载规范
3.name 包的名称
4.示例的配置项repositories 表示从composer加载一个包https://asset-packagist.org
5.type 定义资源类型,示例定义的是yii的扩展
示例:
{ "name": "yiisoft/yii2-mongodb", "description": "MongoDB extension for the Yii framework", "keywords": ["yii2", "mongo", "mongodb", "active-record", "gridfs"], "type": "yii2-extension", "license": "BSD-3-Clause", "support": { "issues": "https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2-mongodb/issues", "forum": "http://www.yiiframework.com/forum/", "wiki": "http://www.yiiframework.com/wiki/", "irc": "irc://irc.freenode.net/yii", "source": "https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2-mongodb" }, "authors": [ { "name": "Paul Klimov", "email": "klimov.paul@gmail.com" } ], "require": { "yiisoft/yii2": "~2.0.14", "ext-mongodb": ">=1.0.0" }, "repositories": [ { "type": "composer", "url": "https://asset-packagist.org" } ], "autoload": { "psr-4": { "yii\\mongodb\\": "src" } }, "extra": { "branch-alias": { "dev-master": "2.1.x-dev" } }}
3.4 Composer常用命令行
composer -v 反馈信息的详细度
composer -h 显示帮助信息。
composer -q 禁止输出任何信息
composer -n 不要询问任何交互问题
php composer.phar install 安装
php composer.phar update 更新
php composer.phar require 申明依赖
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Laravel在Windows下用Composer安装的步骤
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