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Sharing examples of 5 ways to implement inheritance in js

小云云Original: 2018-02-27 15:07:551094browse

This article mainly shares with you examples of 5 ways to implement inheritance in js, hoping to help you better master the implementation of js inheritance.

1. The first way of inheritance: object impersonation

function Parent(username){
  this.username = username;
  this.hello = function(){
   alert(this.username);
  }
}
function Child(username,password){
  //通过以下3行实现将Parent的属性和方法追加到Child中，从而实现继承
  //第一步：this.method是作为一个临时的属性，并且指向Parent所指向的对象，
  //第二步：执行this.method方法，即执行Parent所指向的对象函数
  //第三步：销毁this.method属性，即此时Child就已经拥有了Parent的所有属性和方法
  this.method = Parent;
  this.method(username);//最关键的一行
  delete this.method;
  this.password = password;
  this.world = function(){
   alert(this.password);
  }
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();

2. The second way of inheritance: call() method

The call method is a method in the Function class
The value of the first parameter of the call method is assigned to this that appears in the class (i.e. method)
The second parameter of the call method is assigned to the parameters accepted by the class (i.e. method) in turn

function test(str){
  alert(this.name + " " + str);
}
var object = new Object();
object.name = "zhangsan";
test.call(object,"langsin");//此时，第一个参数值object传递给了test类(即方法)中出现的this，而第二个参数"langsin"则赋值给了test类(即方法)的str
function Parent(username){
  this.username = username;
  this.hello = function(){
   alert(this.username);
  }
}
function Child(username,password){
  Parent.call(this,username);
  this.password = password;
  this.world = function(){
   alert(this.password);
  }
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();

3、继承的第三种方式：apply()方法方式

apply方法接受2个参数，
A、第一个参数与call方法的第一个参数一样，即赋值给类(即方法)中出现的this
B、第二个参数为数组类型，这个数组中的每个元素依次赋值给类(即方法)所接受的参数

function Parent(username){
  this.username = username;
  this.hello = function(){
   alert(this.username);
  }
}
function Child(username,password){
  Parent.apply(this,new Array(username));
  this.password = password;
  this.world = function(){
   alert(this.password);
  }
}
var parent = new Parent("zhangsan");
var child = new Child("lisi","123456");
parent.hello();
child.hello();
child.world();

4、继承的第四种方式：原型链方式，即子类通过prototype将所有在父类中通过prototype追加的属性和方法都追加到Child，从而实现了继承

function Person(){
}
Person.prototype.hello = "hello";
Person.prototype.sayHello = function(){
  alert(this.hello);
}
function Child(){
}
Child.prototype = new Person();//这行的作用是：将Parent中将所有通过prototype追加的属性和方法都追加到Child，从而实现了继承
Child.prototype.world = "world";
Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){
  alert(this.world);
}
var c = new Child();
c.sayHello();
c.sayWorld();

5、继承的第五种方式：混合方式

混合了call方式、原型链方式

function Parent(hello){
  this.hello = hello;
}
Parent.prototype.sayHello = function(){
  alert(this.hello);
}
function Child(hello,world){
  Parent.call(this,hello);//将父类的属性继承过来
  this.world = world;//新增一些属性
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();//将父类的方法继承过来
Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){//新增一些方法
  alert(this.world);
}
var c = new Child("zhangsan","lisi");
c.sayHello();
c.sayWorld();

希望本文所述对大家JavaScript程序设计有所帮助。

Sharing examples of 5 ways to implement inheritance in js

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