Examples of six CSS three-column layout methods

In this article, we mainly share with you six examples of CSS three-column layout methods. When it comes to layout, we must first think of positioning. When others ask me, what are the values ​​​​of CSS positioning and what do they mean? Uh... scratch your head.gif, it's time to return to the essence and look at the definition.

Positioning

position has six attribute values: static, relative, absolute, fixed, sticky and inherit.

• static (default): The element box is generated normally. Block-level elements create a rectangular box as part of the document flow; inline elements create one or more line boxes that are placed within the parent element.

• relative: The element box is offset relative to its previous position in the normal document flow, and the original position is still occupied. When offset occurs, other elements may be covered.

• absolute: The element box no longer occupies the document position and is offset relative to the containing block (the so-called containing block is the element whose position of the nearest outer element is not static).

• fixed: The element box no longer occupies the document flow position and is positioned relative to the viewport.

• sticky: css3 new attribute value, sticky positioning, equivalent to a mixture of relative and fixed. Initially it will be treated as relative, which is offset relative to the original position; once it exceeds a certain threshold, it will be treated as fixed positioning, which is positioned relative to the viewport.

Three-column layout

Three-column layout, one of which is adaptive in width, is one of the most commonly used on the PC side. After completing the three-column layout, the other routines are the same.

Method 1: Floating layout

Disadvantages: The html structure is incorrect. When the width of the included area is less than the sum of the left and right boxes, the right border will be squeezed out

<style>
    .tree-columns-layout.float .left {
        float: left;
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.float .right {
        float: right;
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #0aa;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.float .center {
        /* left: 300px;
        right: 300px; */
        margin: 0 300px;
        background-color: #aa0;
        overflow: auto;
    }
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout float">
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是浮动布局左框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是浮动布局右框</h1>            
    </article>
    <article class="center">
        <h1>我是浮动布局中间框</h1>            
    </article>
</section>

Method 2: Positioning layout

Disadvantages: The parent is required to have non-static positioning. If not, the left and right frames are easily offset

<style>
    .tree-columns-layout.position {
        position: relative;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.position .left {
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.position .right {
        position: absolute;
        right: 0;
        top: 0;
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #0aa;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.position .center {
        margin: 0 300px;
        background-color: #aa0;
        overflow: auto;
    }
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout position">
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是浮动定位左框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="center">
        <h1>我是浮动定位中间框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是浮动定位右框</h1>
    </article>        
</section>

Method 3: Table layout

Disadvantages: No disadvantages , fear table

<style>
    .tree-columns-layout.table {
        display: table;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.table > article {
        display: table-cell;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.table .left {            
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.table .center {
        background-color: #aa0;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.table .right {
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #0aa;
    }   
    
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout table">
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是表格布局左框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="center">
        <h1>我是表格布局中间框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是表格布局右框</h1>
    </article>
</section>

Method 4: flex elastic layout

Disadvantages: compatibility

<style>
    .tree-columns-layout.flex {
        display: flex;
    }    
    
    .tree-columns-layout.flex .left {
        width: 300px;
        flex-shrink: 0; /* 不缩小 */
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.flex .center {
        flex-grow: 1; /* 增大 */
        background-color: #aa0;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.flex .right {
        flex-shrink: 0; /* 不缩小 */
        width: 300px;
        background-color: #0aa;
    }
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout flex">
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是flex弹性布局左框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="center">
        <h1>我是flex弹性布局中间框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是flex弹性布局右框</h1>
    </article>
</section>

Method 5: grid grid layout

Disadvantages: compatibility Firefox 52, Safari 10.1, Chrome 57, Opera 44

<style>
    .tree-columns-layout.grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr 300px;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.grid .left {
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.grid .center {
        background-color: #aa0;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.grid .right {
        background-color: #0aa;
    }
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout grid">
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是grid栅格布局左框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="center">
        <h1>我是grid栅格布局中间框</h1>
    </article>
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是grid栅格布局右框</h1>
    </article>
</section>

Method 6: Holy Grail Layout

Disadvantages: Need to add an extra layer of tags, the html order is wrong, and it occupies the margin attribute of the layout box

<style>       
    .tree-columns-layout.cup:after {
        clear: both;
        content: "";
        display: table;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.cup .center {
        width: 100%;
        float: left;            
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.cup .center > p {
        margin: 0 300px;
        overflow: auto;
        background-color: #aa0;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.cup .left {
        width: 300px;
        float: left;
        margin-left: -100%;
        background-color: #a00;
    }

    .tree-columns-layout.cup .right {
        width: 300px;
        float: left;
        margin-left: -300px;
        background-color: #0aa;
    }
</style>
<section class="tree-columns-layout cup">
    <article class="center">
        <p>
            <h1>我是圣杯布局中间框</h1>
        </p>
    </article>
    <article class="left">
        <h1>我是圣杯布局左框</h1>
    </article>        
    <article class="right">
        <h1>我是圣杯布局右框</h1>
    </article>        
</section>

Achieved effect:

Related recommendations:

How to realize the classic three-column layout of CSS

The height is known, the left and right widths are fixed, 5 ways to realize the three-column layout

Summary of usage of three-column layout

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