PHP coding standards and suggestions for newbies

If you want to be an excellent programmer, good coding standards are very important. So how can you write good code? In this article, we will give you some PHP coding standards and suggestions.

Coding specifications

• PHP code files must start with the

<?php //开头

// 不结尾

• PHP code files must be encoded in UTF-8 without BOM.

例sublime, setting增加，"show_encoding" : true

• The number of characters per line should not exceed 80 characters

例，sublime
"word_wrap": "true",
"wrap_width": 80,

• Tap key 4 spaces

例，sublime
"tab_size": 4,

• Only classes (traits) should be defined in PHP code /Function/Constant/Other operations that will produce side effects (such as generating file output and modifying .ini configuration files, etc.), you can only choose one.

例，
a.php
class A
{

}

b.php
function demo()
{

}

c.php
define('A', value);

d.php
ini_set('some_vars', value);

• The naming of classes/trait/Interface must follow the StudlyCaps camel case naming convention starting with an uppercase letter.

class StudlyCaps
{

}

trait StudlyCaps
{

}

Interface StudlyCaps
{

}

• Constants in a class must have all letters in capital letters, and words separated by underscores.

define('FOO_BAR', 'something more');

const FOO_BAR = value;

• The method name (in class/trait) must conform to the camelCase-style camel case naming convention starting with lowercase.

class StudlyCaps
{
    public function studlyCaps()
    {
        // coding...
    }
}

• Function names must conform to the snake_case-style underscore naming convention.

function snake_case()
{
    // coding...
}

• Private (private) method (in class/trait) name must conform to _camelCase-style leading underscore lowercase beginning camel case Naming conventions.

class StudlyCaps
{
    private function _studlyCaps()
    {
        // coding...
    }
}

• The first word of the method name is a verb.

class StudlyCaps
{
    public function doSomething()
    {
        // coding...
    }
}

• Variables must conform to the camelCase-style naming convention of camel case starting with lowercase.

class StudlyCaps
{
    public function doSomething()
    {
        $someVariable = 'demo';
        // coding...
    }
}

• When a method/function has multiple parameters, there must be a space between them

class StudlyCaps
{
    public function doSomething($variableOne, $variableTwo)
    {
        // coding...
    }
}

• ##Operator/expression must have a space

$a = $b + $c;
$a = $b . $c;

• each A blank line must be inserted after the namespace declaration block and the use declaration block.

namespace Standard;
// 空一行
use Test\TestClass;//use引入类
// 空一行

• The opening curly brace "{"must be written on a line after the function declaration, and the closing curly brace"}" is also It must be written on its own line after the function body.

class StudlyCaps
{

}

• The opening curly brace { of the method/function must be written on its own line after the function declaration, and the closing curly brace} must also be written On a line of its own after the function body.

class StudlyCaps
{
    public function studlyCaps()
    {
        // coding...
    }
}

function snake_case()
{
    // coding...
}

• The attributes and methods of the class must be added with access modifiers (private, protected and public), abstract and final must be declared during access before the modifier, and static must be declared after the access modifier.

abstract class StudlyCaps
{
	abstract public function studlyCaps();

	final public static function studlyCapsOne()
	{

	}
}

• There must be a space after the keyword of the control structure, but there must not be when calling a method or function.

if ($valueOne === $valueTwo) {
  // code...
}

switch ($valueThree) {
  case 'value':
    // code...
    break;

  default:
    // code...
    break;
}

do {
  // code...
} while ($valueFour <= 10);

while ($valueFive <= 10) {
  // code...
}

for ($i = 0; $i < $valueSix; $i++) {
  // code...
}

$demo = new Demo()
$demo->doSomething();

do_something();</p></li></ul> <p></p>
<ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li>The opening brace { of the control structure must be written on the same line as the declaration, and the closing brace } must be written after the body In a line of its own. <p></p>
</li></ul>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">if ($valueOne === $valueTwo) {
  // code...
}

switch ($valueThree) {
  case 'value':
    // code...
    break;

  default:
    // code...
    break;
}

do {
  // code...
} while ($valueFour <= 10);

while ($valueFive <= 10) {
  // code...
}

for ($i = 0; $i < $valueSix; $i++) {
  // code...
}

• There must be no spaces after the opening left bracket and before the closing right bracket of the control structure.

if ($valueOne === $valueTwo) {// 控制结构（右边和)左边不加空格
  // code...
}

Encoding suggestions

• sql is too long

// heredoc语法
$sql = <<<SQL
SELECT delivery_id
FROM d_test
WHERE delivery_id
IN (123,234)
GROUP BY delivery_id
HAVING SUM(send_number) <= 0;
SQL;

• if and other control structure conditions are too long

if ($a > 0
    && $b > 0
    && $c > 0
    && $d > 0
    && $e > 0) {

}

• Method or function parameters are greater than three Line break

public function tooLangFunction(
      $valueOne   = '',
      $valueTwo   = '',
      $valueThree = '',
      $valueFour  = '',
      $valueFive  = '',
      $valueSix   = '')
{
    //coding...
}

• Chain operation exceeds two

$this->nameTest->functionOne()
               ->functionTwo()
               ->functionThree();

• After array php5.4, use []

$a = [
    'aaa' => 'aaa',
    'bbb' => 'bbb'
];

• single quotes multiple quotes

• There are no variables in the string, single quotes

• There are variables in the string, double quotes

$str = 'str';
$arg = "$str";

• Declare a class or method or function, add a description & attribute description & author

/**
 * 类描述
 *
 * desc
 */
class StandardExample
{
  /**
   *  常量描述.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  const THIS_IS_A_CONST = '';

  /**
   * 属性描述.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  public $nameTest = '';

  /**
   * 构造函数.
   *
   * 构造函数描述
   * @author name <email>
   * @param  string $value 形参名称/描述
   * @return 返回值类型        返回值描述
   * 返回值类型：string，array，object，mixed（多种，不确定的），void（无返回值）
   */
  public function __construct($value = '')
  {
    // coding...
  }

• api method provides test sample example

/**
 * 成员方法名称.
 *
 * 成员方法描述
 *
 * @param  string $value 形参名称/描述
 *
 * @example domain/api/controller/action?argu1=111&argu2=222
 */
public function testFunction($value = '')
{
    // code...
}

• Use try...catch...

try {

    // coding...

} catch (\Exception $e) {
  // coding...
}

• To call multiple methods (more than 3) continuously, use foreach

// 改写doSome为doSomething
class StandardExample
{
  /**
   * 方法列表
   *
   * @var array
   */
  private $_functionList = [];

  public function __construct($functionList = array())
  {
    $this->_functionList = $value;
  }

  public function doSome()
  {
    $this->functionOne();
    $this->functionTwo();
    $this->functionThree();
    $this->functionFour();
  }

  public function doSomething()
  {
      foreach($this->_functionList as $function) {
          $this->$function();
      }
  }

  ...
}

• Copyright statement at the top of the file

// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Company Name  xx服务
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Copyright (c) 2017 http://domain All rights reserved.
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Author: name <email>
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------

以上内容就给新手程序员的一些编写代码的规范及建议，希望能帮助到大家。

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