那么在我们上一篇文章中,我们介绍了JavaScript正则表达式的含义,既然我们对正则表达式有了一定的了解,接下来我们就是要学习JavaScript正则表达式的应用与使用,下面我带大家一起学习!
一、定义正则表达式
在js中定义正则表达式很简单,有两种方式,一种是通过构造函数,一种是通过//,也就是两个斜杠。
例如
var re =new RegExp("\\?(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}");
使用构造函数定义正则表达式,注意大小写,负责就会不起作用。由于构造函数的参数是一个字符串,也可以是两个斜杠的方式定义,遇到一些特殊字符就需要使用\进行转义
通过双斜杠的方式定义同样的正则表达式
var re =/\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/;
var re =new RegExp( /^\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/);
可以和构造函数达到同样的效果,但仔细分析,发现,通过构造函数需要更多的转义字符\
二、关于验证的三个正则表达式方法
使用正则表达式的主要有字符串的方法match,正则表达式的方法exec,test
正则表达式方法test测试给定的字符串是否满足正则表达式,返回值是bool类型的,只有真和假,如果只是单纯的判断,不需要其他的处理,可以使用尤其是验证时。
function test(){ var text="index.aspx?test=1&ww=2&www=3"; // var re =/\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/; // var re =new RegExp("\\?(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}"); var result= re.test(text); if(result) { alert("ok"); }else { alert("err"); } }
正则表达式方法exec测试给定的字符串是否满足正则表达式,返回匹配到的字符串,如果没有匹配的则返回null,和test基本一致,如果需要获取匹配的各个子字符串,可以使用下标的方式,把上边的test的例子可以改写如下
function test(){ var text="index.aspx?test=1&ww=2&www=3"; var re = /\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/; // var re =new RegExp( "\\?(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}"); var result= re.exec(text); if(result) { alert("ok"); alert(result); // 是?test=1&ww=2&www=3,ww=2& alert(result[0]+",0");//是?test=1&ww=2&www=3 alert(result[1]+",1");//是ww=2& }else { alert("err"); } }
match其实是字符串的方法,但参数确是一个正则表达式,把上边的例子改写后,如下
function test(){ var text="index.aspx?test=1&ww=234"; // var re = /\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/; // var re2 = "(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}" var result= text.match(re); if(result) { alert(result);//?test=1&ww=234,test=1& alert(result[0]+",0");//?test=1&ww=234 alert(result[1]+",1");//test=1& }else { alert("err"); } }
其实字符串类还有多个函数可以传递正则表达式,split,search,replace等但这些方法已经不适合验证了。
function test(){ var text="index.aspx?test=1&ww=234"; // var re = /\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/; // var re2 = "(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}" var result= text.split(re); alert(result); alert(result[0]+",0"); alert(result[1]+",1"); }
三、正则表达式式的转义字符
在正则表达式中会经常出现转义字符,例如问号?在正则表达式中有特殊的含义,如果需要匹配问号?就需要转义,使用转义字符反斜杠\
如下两个都是匹配问号开头的一段字符串
function test(){ var text="?test=1&ww=2&www=3"; var re = /^\?(\w{1,}=\w{1,}&){1,}\w{1,}=\w{1,}/;// \?表示配置问号? // var re =new RegExp( "^\\?(\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}&){1,}\\w{1,}=\\w{1,}");// \\?表示配置问号? var result= re.exec(text); if(result) { alert("ok"); alert(result); alert(result[0]+",0"); alert(result[1]+",1"); }else { alert("err"); } }
总结
通过这两篇文章的学习,相信小伙伴们对JavaScript正则表达式有一定的认识,和自己的理解,那就感觉自己动手试一试吧,这样在工作中更好的运用!
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