PHP 只有类别 (class)、方法 (method)、属性、以及单一继承 (extensions) 等。对不习惯使用 C++、Java、Delphi 等面向对象语言来开发程序的用户,不妨先阅读一下有关面向对象概念的书,相信可以带来许多的收获。
下面的范例是手推车类。可以看到,使用 class 表示它是一个类类别。在类别中的 function,例如 add_item 则表示该类的一个方法。方法可以封装类的实际处理情形,让该类自己能依封装好的方法来执行一些步骤。
程序中的 $this 类变量也和 $GLOBALS 及 $php_errormsg 两个变量一样,在 PHP 中属于特殊的变量。$this 变量只用在类类别中,表示类的本身。
// 程序名: cart.inc
class Cart {
var $items; // 手推车类
// 本方法加入 $num 件物品到手推车中 (加到 $artnr 变量)
function add_item ($artnr, $num) {
$this->items[$artnr] += $num;
}
// 本方法从手推车减少 $num 件物品 (从 $artnr 变量减掉)
function remove_item ($artnr, $num) {
if ($this->items[$artnr] > $num) {
$this->items[$artnr] -= $num;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
?>
要使用手推车可以用类似下例的方式。可以先将每个类存成 Include 文件,再将它 require 或 include 进来。在定义变量 $cart 时,要使用 new 的保留字,表示 $cart 使用 Cart 类。使用 -> 符号,表示执行类的方法。
require("cart.inc");
$cart = new Cart;
$cart->add_item("10", 1);
?>
之后再设计有记名的手推车。记名手推车从手推车遗传下来,因此手推车拥有的方法及属性,记名手推车也有,而记名手推车比手推车增加了名字的方法 (或许该称属性较恰当)。
从下例中可以看到,子类 Named_Cart 使用 extends 来继承其父类 Cart。虽然 Named_Cart 类中没有增加物品及减少物品的方法,不过由于遗传的特性,父类有的东西它都有。
// 程序名: named_cart.inc
require("cart.inc");
class Named_Cart extends Cart {
var $owner;
function set_owner ($name) {
$this->owner = $name;
}
}
?>
要使用记名手推车类,请看下面的范例。当然这不算太好的设计,每个子类都一直 require 它的父类,会造成服务器在 I/O 上面的负担。在实作时,可以将整个系列的类在同一个程序文件中,从最早的袓先类到最后的子孙类,也方便日后修正。
require("named_cart.inc");
$ncart = new Named_Cart; // 建立类变量
$ncart->set_owner ("CyberRidder"); // 配置类的记名属性
echo $ncart->owner; // 显示类的记名属性
$ncart->add_item ("10", 1); // 从父类遗传的方法也可使用
?>
因此,在 PHP 中使用了 extends 保留字,加上良好的系统分析与完整的 CRC 卡片 (详见面向对象相关书籍) 设计之后,PHP 可变成拥有强大类能力的 CGI 语言。
PHP 由于是脚本语言 (Script),因此程序源代码可见,在软件工程中的元件黑箱并不会在目前的 PHP 版本中出现,也就是说,全部的类其实没有隐藏起它的内容。对于软件业者而言,没有办法保护所谓的软件 IC,站在开放团体而言,反而有源代码是件好事,至于孰是孰非,就很难判定了,不过目前 PHP 还是 Open Source 团体的一份子,或许日后 Zend 引擎可以做到类封装的功能也不一定。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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