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What are the irreversible encryption methods in PHP?

PHP不可逆加密方法

1、MD5加密

string md5 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )

参数

 ● str  --  原始字符串。

 ● raw_output  --  如果可选的 raw_output 被设置为 TRUE,那么 MD5 报文摘要将以16字节长度的原始二进制格式返回。

这是一种不可逆加密,执行如下的代码

$password = '123456';
echo md5($password);

得到结果是

e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e

2、Sha1加密

string sha1 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )

参数

 ● str  --  输入字符串。

 ● raw_output  --  如果可选的 raw_output 参数被设置为 TRUE,那么 sha1 摘要将以 20 字符长度的原始格式返回,否则返回值是一个 40 字符长度的十六进制数字。

这是也一种不可逆加密,执行如下代码:

$password = '123456';
echo sha1($password);

得到的结果是

7c4a8d09ca3762af61e59520943dc26494f8941b

3、 Crypt加密

string crypt ( string $str [, string $salt ] )

crypt() 返回一个基于标准 UNIX DES 算法或系统上其他可用的替代算法的散列字符串。

参数

 ● str  --  待散列的字符串。

 ● salt  --  可选的盐值字符串。如果没有提供,算法行为将由不同的算法实现决定,并可能导致不可预料的结束。

这是也一种不可逆加密,执行如下的代码

$password = '123456';
$salt = "test";// 只取前两个
echo crypt($password, $salt);

得到的结果是

teMGKvBPcptKo

使用自动盐值的例子如下:

$password = crypt('mypassword'); // 自动生成盐值
/* 你应当使用 crypt() 得到的完整结果作为盐值进行密码校验,以此来避免使用不同散列算法导致的问题。(如上所述,基于标准 DES 算法的密码散列使用 2 字符盐值,但是基于 MD5 算法的散列使用 12 个字符盐值。)*/
if (crypt('mypassword', $password) == $password) {
   echo "Password verified!";
}

执行结果是输出

Password verified!

以不同散列类型使用 crypt()的例子如下:

if (CRYPT_STD_DES == 1) {
    echo 'Standard DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', 'rl') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1) {
    echo 'Extended DES: ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '_J9..rasm') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_MD5 == 1) {
    echo 'MD5:          ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$1$rasmusle$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1) {
    echo 'Blowfish:     ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA256 == 1) {
    echo 'SHA-256:      ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}
if (CRYPT_SHA512 == 1) {
    echo 'SHA-512:      ' . crypt('rasmuslerdorf', '$6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystringforsalt$') . "\n";
}

其结果如下

Standard DES: rl.3StKT.4T8M
Extended DES: _J9..rasmBYk8r9AiWNc
MD5:          $1$rasmusle$rISCgZzpwk3UhDidwXvin0
Blowfish:     $2a$07$usesomesillystringfore2uDLvp1Ii2e./U9C8sBjqp8I90dH6hi
SHA-256:      $5$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$KqJWpanXZHKq2BOB43TSaYhEWsQ1Lr5QNyPCDH/Tp.6
SHA-512:      $6$rounds=5000$usesomesillystri$D4IrlXatmP7rx3P3InaxBeoomnAihCKRVQP22JZ6EY47Wc6BkroIuUUBOov1i.S5KPgErtP/EN5mcO.ChWQW21

在 crypt() 函数支持多重散列的系统上,下面的常量根据相应的类型是否可用被设置为 0 或 1:

 ● CRYPT_STD_DES - 基于标准 DES 算法的散列使用 "./0-9A-Za-z" 字符中的两个字符作为盐值。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。

 ● CRYPT_EXT_DES - 扩展的基于 DES 算法的散列。其盐值为 9 个字符的字符串,由 1 个下划线后面跟着 4 字节循环次数和 4 字节盐值组成。它们被编码成可打印字符,每个字符 6 位,有效位最少的优先。0 到 63 被编码为 "./0-9A-Za-z"。在盐值中使用非法的字符将导致 crypt() 失败。

 ● CRYPT_MD5 - MD5 散列使用一个以 $1$ 开始的 12 字符的字符串盐值。

 ● CRYPT_BLOWFISH - Blowfish 算法使用如下盐值:“$2a$”,一个两位 cost 参数,“$” 以及 64 位由 “./0-9A-Za-z” 中的字符组合而成的字符串。在盐值中使用此范围之外的字符将导致 crypt() 返回一个空字符串。两位 cost 参数是循环次数以 2 为底的对数,它的范围是 04-31,超出这个范围将导致 crypt() 失败。

 ● CRYPT_SHA256 - SHA-256 算法使用一个以 $5$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=$” 开头,N 的数字值将被用来指定散列循环的执行次数,这点很像 Blowfish 算法的 cost 参数。默认的循环次数是 5000,最小是 1000,最大是 999,999,999。超出这个范围的 N 将会被转换为最接近的值。

 ● CRYPT_SHA512 - SHA-512 算法使用一个以 $6$ 开头的 16 字符字符串盐值进行散列。如果盐值字符串以 “rounds=$” 开头,N 的数字值将被用来指定散列循环的执行次数,这点很像 Blowfish 算法的 cost 参数。默认的循环次数是 5000,最小是 1000,最大是 999,999,999。超出这个范围的 N 将会被转换为最接近的值。

4、hash加密

hash加密也是不可逆的,因为是给定一个不确定的字符串返回特定长度的字符串,这个本质意义上来说实现了单项散列加密。使用方法

hash($ago,$data);

$ago是可以指定加密使用的哈希算法,例如:"md5","sha256","haval160,4" 等。

$data是要加密的数据

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