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Summary and sharing of CSS layout techniques

一个新手Original: 2017-09-06 09:36:171256browse

Single column layout

Horizontal center

Parent element text-align:center;Child element:inline-block;

Advantages: good compatibility;

Disadvantages: need to set child elements and parent elements at the same time

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>水平居中1</title>
<style>
    .parent {
        width: 500px;
        height: 400px;
        background: red;
        text-align: center;
    }
    .child {
        display: inline-block;
        width: 300px;
        height: 100px;
        background: blue;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="parent">
    <p class="child"></p>
</p>
</body>
</html>

Sub-element margin:0 auto;

Advantages: good compatibility
Disadvantages: required Specify width

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>水平居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            margin:0 auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Child elements{display:table;margin:0 auto;}

Advantages: Only need to set itself
Disadvantages: IE6,7 need to adjust the structure

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>水平居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            margin:0 auto;
            display:table;margin:0 auto;s
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Parent Element: relative; child element: absolute; left: 50%; margin-left: - half of the width

Advantages: Good compatibility
Disadvantages: Need to know the width of the child element

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>水平居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            position: relative;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 50%;
            margin-left: -150px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Parent element: relative; child element: absolute; left:50%; transform :translate(-50%,0);

Advantages: Poor compatibility
Disadvantages: No need to know the subtitles The width of the element

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>水平居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            position: relative;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translate(-50%,0);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Flexible box: Parent element: display:flex;justify-content:center;

Advantages: Simple

Disadvantages: Poor compatibility

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>水平居中1</title>
<style>
    .parent {
        width: 500px;
        height: 400px;
        background: red;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    .child {
        width: 300px;
        height: 100px;
        background: blue;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="parent">
    <p class="child"></p>
</p>
</body>
</html>

Vertical centering

vertical-align:center;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>水平居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            display:table-cell;
            vertical-align:middle;
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>垂直居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            vertical-align:middle;
            line-height:450px;            
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            display:inline-block;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 这种方法需要知道父元素和子元素的高度，父元素的line-height的值为父元素高度减去子元素高度的一半。-->

Parent element: position:relative;Child element: positon:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate( 0,-50%);

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>垂直居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            position: relative;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;          
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            position: absolute;
            top: 50%;
            left:0;
            transform: translate(0,-50%);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Parent element: position:relative; Child element: positon:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:- Half the height of the child element;
Parent element: display:flex;align-items:center;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>垂直居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;        
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Horizontal and vertical centering

Parent element: display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;
Child element; display:inline-block;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>垂直居中1</title>
    <style>
        .parent {
            width: 500px;
            height: 400px;
            background: red;
            display:table-cell;
            vertical-align:middle;
            text-align:center; 
        }
        .child {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            display: inline-block;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <p class="parent">
        <p class="child"></p>
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Parent element: position:relative;
Child element: position:absolute

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Summary and sharing of CSS layout techniques

Single column layout

Horizontal center

Vertical centering

Horizontal and vertical centering

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