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Analyze the usage of cookies in Django

巴扎黑

Aug 18, 2017 am 11:07 AM

cookiedjangoie

Cookie is a record left by the browser on the client. This record can be kept in memory or on the hard disk. In Django, reading and setting cookies is very simple. Next, I will share with you the use of cookies in Django through this article. Friends who are interested should take a look.

Cookie is a record left by the browser on the client. This record can be kept in memory or on the hard disk. . Because HTTP requests are stateless, the server or client can maintain state in the session by reading cookie records. For example, a common application scenario is the login status. In Django, reading and setting cookies is very simple. The format of the cookie itself is similar to a dictionary, so it can be obtained through the key or get of the request; then its setting is set through the set_cookie of the response object; if you want to cancel the cookie, just set the expiration time to the current time.

Get Cookie:

request.COOKIES[&#39;key&#39;]
request.get_signed_cookie(key, default=RAISE_ERROR, salt=&#39;&#39;, max_age=None)
  参数：
    default: 默认值
    salt: 加密盐
    max_age: 后台控制过期时间

Set Cookie:

rep = HttpResponse(...) 或 rep ＝ render(request, ...)
rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)
rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt=&#39;加密盐&#39;,...)
  参数：
    key,       键
    value=&#39;&#39;,     值
    max_age=None,   超时时间
    expires=None,   超时时间(IE requires expires, so set it if hasn&#39;t been already.)
    path=&#39;/&#39;,     Cookie生效的路径，/ 表示根路径，特殊的：跟路径的cookie可以被任何url的页面访问
    domain=None,   Cookie生效的域名
    secure=False,   https传输
    httponly=False  只能http协议传输，无法被JavaScript获取（不是绝对，底层抓包可以获取到也可以被覆盖）

Example 1 Set up a login login interface, a jump interface after successful index login. If you are not logged in, it will automatically jump to the login interface

views.py

def index(reqeust):
  # 获取当前已经登录的用户
  v = reqeust.COOKIES.get(&#39;username111&#39;)
  if not v:
    return redirect(&#39;/login/&#39;)
  return render(reqeust,&#39;index.html&#39;,{&#39;current_user&#39;: v})

Note that there are two methods for cookie timeout, one is to directly specify max_age (timeout after N seconds), the other is to specify expires followed by a specific time object

httponly can JavaScript is prohibited from obtaining this value, but it is actually of no use. Chrome or packet capture can easily obtain all cookies

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1 id="欢迎登录-nbsp-current-user-nbsp">欢迎登录：{{ current_user }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/login/" method="POST">
    <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" />
    <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" />
    <input type="submit" />
  </form>
</body>
</html>

Example 2:

In real life, the function of this verification cookie is usually written as a decorator, so that it is directly above other functions Just call it

Change Example 1

def auth(func):
  def inner(reqeust,*args,**kwargs):
    v = reqeust.COOKIES.get(&#39;username111&#39;)
    if not v:
      return redirect(&#39;/login/&#39;)
    return func(reqeust, *args,**kwargs)
  return inner
@auth
def index(reqeust):
  # 获取当前已经登录的用户
  v = reqeust.COOKIES.get(&#39;username111&#39;)
  return render(reqeust,&#39;index.html&#39;,{&#39;current_user&#39;: v})

Example 3: We know that we can use fbv or cbv to route functions. Example 2 uses the fbv method, which can also be implemented using cbv.

In cbv, if you only plan to decorate one method, then just add @method_decorator directly in front of the method; if you plan to decorate all methods in this class, Then decorate the top of the entire class

views.py

@method_decorator(auth,name=&#39;dispatch&#39;)
class Order(views.View):
  # @method_decorator(auth)
  # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  #   return super(Order,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  # @method_decorator(auth)
  def get(self,reqeust):
    v = reqeust.COOKIES.get(&#39;username111&#39;)
    return render(reqeust,&#39;index.html&#39;,{&#39;current_user&#39;: v})
  def post(self,reqeust):
    v = reqeust.COOKIES.get(&#39;username111&#39;)
    return render(reqeust,&#39;index.html&#39;,{&#39;current_user&#39;: v})
urls.py
 url(r&#39;^order/&#39;, views.Order.as_view()),

Example 4 We can also set cookies through JavaScript or JQuery, such as in the front Based on the paging code, we add a function to customize the number of rows displayed.

user_list.html Here is a JQuery plug-in, which makes it easier to read and set cookies; moreover, we also limit the scope of cookie use, not the default all scopes, but only limited to /user_list In the path

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
  <style>
    .go{
      width:20px;
       border: solid 1px;
      color: #66512c;
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 5px;
    }
    .pagination .page{
      border: solid 1px;
      color: #66512c;
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 5px;
      background-color: papayawhip;
      margin: 5px;
    }
    .pagination .page.active{
      background-color: brown;
      color: white;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <ul>
    {% for item in li %}
      {% include &#39;li.html&#39; %}
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
  <p>
    <select id="ps" onchange="changePageSize(this)">
      <option value="10">10</option>
      <option value="30">30</option>
      <option value="50">50</option>
      <option value="100">100</option>
    </select>
  </p>
  <p class="pagination">
    {{ page_str }}
  </p>
  <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
  <script src="/static/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
  <script>
    $(function(){
        var v = $.cookie(&#39;per_page_count&#39;, {&#39;path&#39;: "/user_list/`"});
        console.log(v)
        $(&#39;#ps&#39;).val(v);
    });
    function changePageSize(ths){
      var v = $(ths).val();
      console.log(v);
      $.cookie(&#39;per_page_count&#39;,v, {&#39;path&#39;: "/user_list/"});     
      location.reload();
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

views.py gets the number of rows per page from the front end and passes it to our paging class during instantiation

def user_list(request):
  current_page = request.GET.get(&#39;p&#39;, 1)
  current_page = int(current_page)
  val = request.COOKIES.get(&#39;per_page_count&#39;,10)
  val = int(val)
  page_obj = pagination.Page(current_page,len(LIST),val)
  data = LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
  page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")
  return render(request, &#39;user_list.html&#39;, {&#39;li&#39;: data,&#39;page_str&#39;: page_str})

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