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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialComparison between let and const in JavaScript ES6

let

Basic usage

ES6 adds the let command to declare variables. Its usage is similar to var, but the declared variable is only valid within the code block where the let command is located.
{
  let a = 10;
  var b = 1;
}

a // ReferenceError: a is not defined.
b // 1

上面代码在代码块之中,分别用let和var声明了两个变量。然后在代码块之外调用这两个变量,结果let声明的变量报错,var声明的变量返回了正确的值。这表明,let声明的变量只在它所在的代码块有效。

for循环的计数器,就很合适使用let命令。

for (let i = 0; i <h3 id="Duplicate-declarations-are-not-allowed">Duplicate declarations are not allowed</h3><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">let不允许在相同作用域内,重复声明同一个变量。

// 报错
function () {
  let a = 10;
  var a = 1;
}

// 报错
function () {
  let a = 10;
  let a = 1;
}
因此,不能在函数内部重新声明参数。

function func(arg) {
  let arg; // 报错
}

function func(arg) {
  {
    let arg; // 不报错
  }
}

const

Basic usage

const声明一个只读的常量。一旦声明,常量的值就不能改变。

const PI = 3.1415;
PI // 3.1415

PI = 3;
// TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
上面代码表明改变常量的值会报错。

const声明的变量不得改变值,这意味着,const一旦声明变量,就必须立即初始化,不能留到以后赋值。

const foo;
// SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration
上面代码表示,对于const来说,只声明不赋值,就会报错。

const的作用域与let命令相同:只在声明所在的块级作用域内有效。

if (true) {
  const MAX = 5;
}

MAX // Uncaught ReferenceError: MAX is not defined
const命令声明的常量也是不提升,同样存在暂时性死区,只能在声明的位置后面使用。

if (true) {
  console.log(MAX); // ReferenceError
  const MAX = 5;
}
上面代码在常量MAX声明之前就调用,结果报错。

const声明的常量,也与let一样不可重复声明。

var message = "Hello!";
let age = 25;

// 以下两行都会报错
const message = "Goodbye!";
const age = 30;

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