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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialDetailed explanation of usage examples of private attributes in PHP classes

首先 这个题目就有点问题 因为private属性是不能被继承的

请仔细看这句话 如果父类有私有的属性。那么父类的方法只为父类的私有属性服务。
下面通过一系列列子来加深理解.
这个例子看起来很奇怪,在子类中重新定义了一个属性$sal,系统却返回了父类的属性。 

<?php
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
//protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 

public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>

程序运行结果: 

PHP 5.3.8 
3000 
parent&#39;s $sal 3000


如果父类中的属性被子类重写了。结果是这样的。注意 第5行的属性定义变成了protected。 

<?php 
class employee{ 
//private $sal=3000; 
protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>

程序运行结果: 

PHP 5.3.8 
5000 
parent&#39;s $sal 5000

第一个列子中 父类的private $sal没有被重写 所以$manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用的是父类自己的私有属性$sal 此时内存中有两个$sal
第二个列子中 父类的protected $sal被重写 $manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用已经被重写的$sal 父类的$sal在内存中是不存在的 此时内存中只有一个$sal
接下来看第三个列子
子类中重写的方法对当前private有效。 

<?php 
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
private $sal=5000; 
//重写过的方法 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>

运行结果 

PHP 5.3.8 
5000 
parent&#39;s $sal 3000

这个列子中子类重写getSal()方法 所以他调用的是子类的属性
如果你注释子类的这一行
//private $sal=5000;
你会发现一个错误:Notice: Undefined property: Manager::$sal in E:\wamp\www\oo\2-5\2-5-3.php on line 14
如果注释掉12行的子类重写方法 那么echo $manager->getSal();得到的结果是 父类的私有属性$sal 3000

打开zend调试状态看看,内存中的情况。注意最下面,有两个$sal 。分别是 3000 和 5000 。 

<?php 
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
?>

程序运行结果: 

PHP 5.3.8 
3000

将父类的属性$sal 改成 protected ,子类重写了父类的属性。在内存中只有一个 $sal 。 

<?php 
class employee{ 
protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
?>

程序运行结果: 

PHP 5.3.8 
5000

如果你学过java,你会觉得这一切都是很难理解的。
在Java中当子类被创建时,父类的属性和方法在内存中都被创建,甚至构造函数也要被调用。
PHP5不是这样,PHP5调用父类用的是parent:: 而不是 parent-> ,这足以说明PHP5不想在内存中让父类也被创建。PHP5想让继承变的比Java更简单。适应下就好。

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