


Array array and using foreach loop array graphic example detailed explanation
1. 了解数组
PHP 中的数组实际上是一个有序映射。映射是一种把 values 关联到 keys 的类型。
2.例子:一般的数组
这里,我通过一个简单的例子,并使用图形方式来了解数组。
//1.----------------------------------- $a = array(3 => 'a', 1 => 'b', 2 => 'c'); echo var_dump($a);
[注]:使用箭头描述数组$a各个单元对应某一内存地址的数据值(实际上,它内部结构采用HashTable结构)。
3.例子:在数组定义中,添加引用。
//2.----------------------------------- $x = 'x'; $a = array(3 => 'a', 1 => &$x, 2 => 'c'); echo "<hr>"; echo var_dump($a); $x = 'y'; echo var_dump($a);
数组$a中的第2个单元$a[1]与$x对应的是同一个数据,使用var_dump($a)的时候,会看到数组的第2个单元多个&符号,即&string(1) "x",表示引用。
当 修改$x的值='y',也等同于修改$a[1]的值='y'。
下图可以清楚的描述这一变化:
//3.----------------------------------- $a = array(3 => 'a', 1 => 'b', 2 => 'c'); echo "<hr>"; foreach ($a as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value <br>"; }
每次循环中,当前数组中单元的值被赋给 $value ,单元的键key被赋给$key。如下图描述:
【注:】灰色虚箭头表示赋予某一值。
5.例子:在foreach遍历数组中,使用引用赋值。
//4.----------------------------------- $a = array(3 => 'a', 1 => 'b', 2 => 'c'); echo "<hr>"; foreach ($a as $key => &$value) { $value.='n'; echo "$key => $value <br>"; }
每次循环中, $value 都指向当前数组中单元的值,再执行“ $value.='n'; ”代码 ,如下图描述:
6.例子:对例子5的进一步分析。
在例子5,foreach遍历数组完成后,不会自动销毁$value变量,与数组$a最后一个单元$a[2]指向同一个数据。
这时候改变$value的值,也就是改变了$a[2]的值。
//5.----------------------------------- $value='m'; echo "<hr>"; echo "\$value=$value <br>"; echo var_dump($a);
实例验证, 数组最后一个元素的 $value 引用在 foreach 循环之后仍会保留。建议使用 unset() 来将其销毁。
7.小结
以上例子,只是描述php中的array数组和foreach的一些特性。学习最后,感觉php中的array数组和foreach不同于别的编程语言,不能使用类似C语言的结构分析PHP。
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