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axios is an HTTP client based on Promise for browsers and nodejs. The following article mainly introduces you to the relevant information of the axios learning tutorial. The introduction in the article is very detailed and has certain reference value for everyone. You need Friends, let’s take a look together.
Preface
As the vuejs author You Yuxi released the news, he will no longer continue to maintain vue-resource and recommends that everyone use axios to start. axios is known to more and more people. I originally wanted to find a detailed guide on the Internet, but suddenly I found that the official documentation of axios itself is very detailed! ! What kind of bike do you need when you have this! ! Therefore, it is recommended that everyone learn this kind of library, and it is best to read its official documentation in detail. I roughly translated the official documentation of axios. I believe that as long as you understand this article thoroughly and practice it, axios will be a piece of cake! !
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axios Introduction
axios is a Promise-based HTTP client for browsers and nodejs. It has the following characteristics:
Create XMLHttpRequest from the browser
Issue an http request from node.js
Support Promise API
Interception of requests and responses
Convert request and response data
Cancel request
Automatically convert JSON data
Client supports preventing CSRF/XSRF
Browser compatibility
Introduction method:
$ npm install axios $ cnpm install axios //taobao源 $ bower install axios
Or use cdn:
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
For example:
Execute GET request
// 向具有指定ID的用户发出请求 axios.get('/user?ID=12345') .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); // 也可以通过 params 对象传递参数 axios.get('/user', { params: { ID: 12345 } }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
Perform POST request
axios.post('/user', { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
Perform multiple concurrent requests
function getUserAccount() { return axios.get('/user/12345'); } function getUserPermissions() { return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions'); } axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()]) .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) { //两个请求现已完成 }));
##axios API
can be passed Pass the relevant configuration to axios to make the request.axios(config)
// 发送一个 POST 请求 axios({ method: 'post', url: '/user/12345', data: { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' } }); axios(url[, config])
// 发送一个 GET 请求 (GET请求是默认请求模式) axios('/user/12345');
Request method aliases
For convenience, aliases have been provided for all supported request methods.When using the alias method , there is no need to specify the url, method and data attributes in config.
Help function handles concurrent requests.
axios.all(iterable)#You can create a new instance of axios with a custom configuration.
axios.create([config]) var instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', timeout: 1000, headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'} });Instance Methods
The available instance methods are as follows. The specified configuration will be merged with the instance configuration.
axios#request(config)##axios# patch(url[,data[,config]])
These are used to make the request available configuration options. Only the url is required. If no method is specified, the request will default to GET.
{ // `url`是将用于请求的服务器URL url: '/user', // `method`是发出请求时使用的请求方法 method: 'get', // 默认 // `baseURL`将被添加到`url`前面,除非`url`是绝对的。 // 可以方便地为 axios 的实例设置`baseURL`,以便将相对 URL 传递给该实例的方法。 baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', // `transformRequest`允许在请求数据发送到服务器之前对其进行更改 // 这只适用于请求方法'PUT','POST'和'PATCH' // 数组中的最后一个函数必须返回一个字符串,一个 ArrayBuffer或一个 Stream transformRequest: [function (data) { // 做任何你想要的数据转换 return data; }], // `transformResponse`允许在 then / catch之前对响应数据进行更改 transformResponse: [function (data) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `headers`是要发送的自定义 headers headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}, // `params`是要与请求一起发送的URL参数 // 必须是纯对象或URLSearchParams对象 params: { ID: 12345 }, // `paramsSerializer`是一个可选的函数,负责序列化`params` // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) paramsSerializer: function(params) { return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) }, // `data`是要作为请求主体发送的数据 // 仅适用于请求方法“PUT”,“POST”和“PATCH” // 当没有设置`transformRequest`时,必须是以下类型之一: // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob // - Node only: Stream data: { firstName: 'Fred' }, // `timeout`指定请求超时之前的毫秒数。 // 如果请求的时间超过'timeout',请求将被中止。 timeout: 1000, // `withCredentials`指示是否跨站点访问控制请求 // should be made using credentials withCredentials: false, // default // `adapter'允许自定义处理请求,这使得测试更容易。 // 返回一个promise并提供一个有效的响应(参见[response docs](#response-api)) adapter: function (config) { /* ... */ }, // `auth'表示应该使用 HTTP 基本认证,并提供凭据。 // 这将设置一个`Authorization'头,覆盖任何现有的`Authorization'自定义头,使用`headers`设置。 auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }, // “responseType”表示服务器将响应的数据类型 // 包括 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream' responseType: 'json', // default //`xsrfCookieName`是要用作 xsrf 令牌的值的cookie的名称 xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `xsrfHeaderName`是携带xsrf令牌值的http头的名称 xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `onUploadProgress`允许处理上传的进度事件 onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // 使用本地 progress 事件做任何你想要做的 }, // `onDownloadProgress`允许处理下载的进度事件 onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `maxContentLength`定义允许的http响应内容的最大大小 maxContentLength: 2000, // `validateStatus`定义是否解析或拒绝给定的promise // HTTP响应状态码。如果`validateStatus`返回`true`(或被设置为`null` promise将被解析;否则,promise将被 // 拒绝。 validateStatus: function (status) { return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default }, // `maxRedirects`定义在node.js中要遵循的重定向的最大数量。 // 如果设置为0,则不会遵循重定向。 maxRedirects: 5, // 默认 // `httpAgent`和`httpsAgent`用于定义在node.js中分别执行http和https请求时使用的自定义代理。 // 允许配置类似`keepAlive`的选项, // 默认情况下不启用。 httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // 'proxy'定义代理服务器的主机名和端口 // `auth`表示HTTP Basic auth应该用于连接到代理,并提供credentials。 // 这将设置一个`Proxy-Authorization` header,覆盖任何使用`headers`设置的现有的`Proxy-Authorization` 自定义 headers。 proxy: { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 9000, auth: : { username: 'mikeymike', password: 'rapunz3l' } }, // “cancelToken”指定可用于取消请求的取消令牌 // (see Cancellation section below for details) cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) { }) }
When using then, you will receive a response like this:
axios.get('/user/12345') .then(function(response) { console.log(response.data); console.log(response.status); console.log(response.statusText); console.log(response.headers); console.log(response.config); });
Configuration Defaults
You can specify configuration defaults that will be applied to each request.
Global axios default valueaxios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
//在创建实例时设置配置默认值
var instance = axios.create({
baseURL:'https://api.example.com'
});
//在实例创建后改变默认值
instance.defaults.headers.common ['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
Configuration will be merged with the priority order. The order is the library defaults in lib/defaults.js, then the instance's defaults attribute, and finally the request's config parameters. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
//使用库提供的配置默认值创建实例 //此时,超时配置值为`0`,这是库的默认值 var instance = axios.create(); //覆盖库的超时默认值 //现在所有请求将在超时前等待2.5秒 instance.defaults.timeout = 2500; //覆盖此请求的超时,因为它知道需要很长时间 instance.get('/ longRequest',{ timeout:5000 });
拦截器
你可以截取请求或响应在被 then 或者 catch 处理之前
//添加请求拦截器 axios.interceptors.request.use(function(config){ //在发送请求之前做某事 return config; },function(error){ //请求错误时做些事 return Promise.reject(error); }); //添加响应拦截器 axios.interceptors.response.use(function(response){ //对响应数据做些事 return response; },function(error){ //请求错误时做些事 return Promise.reject(error); });
如果你以后可能需要删除拦截器。
var myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/}); axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor); 你可以将拦截器添加到axios的自定义实例。 var instance = axios.create(); instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
处理错误
axios.get('/ user / 12345') .catch(function(error){ if(error.response){ //请求已发出,但服务器使用状态代码进行响应 //落在2xx的范围之外 console.log(error.response.data); console.log(error.response.status); console.log(error.response.headers); } else { //在设置触发错误的请求时发生了错误 console.log('Error',error.message); }} console.log(error.config); });
您可以使用validateStatus配置选项定义自定义HTTP状态码错误范围。
axios.get('/ user / 12345',{ validateStatus:function(status){ return status < 500; //仅当状态代码大于或等于500时拒绝 }} })
消除
您可以使用取消令牌取消请求。
axios cancel token API基于可取消的promise提议,目前处于阶段1。
您可以使用CancelToken.source工厂创建一个取消令牌,如下所示:
var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken; var source = CancelToken.source(); axios.get('/user/12345', { cancelToken: source.token }).catch(function(thrown) { if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) { console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message); } else { // 处理错误 } }); //取消请求(消息参数是可选的) source.cancel('操作被用户取消。');
您还可以通过将执行器函数传递给CancelToken构造函数来创建取消令牌:
var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken; var cancel; axios.get('/ user / 12345',{ cancelToken:new CancelToken(function executor(c){ //一个执行器函数接收一个取消函数作为参数 cancel = c; }) }); // 取消请求 clear();
注意:您可以使用相同的取消令牌取消几个请求。
使用application / x-www-form-urlencoded格式
默认情况下,axios将JavaScript对象序列化为JSON。 要以应用程序/ x-www-form-urlencoded格式发送数据,您可以使用以下选项之一。
浏览器
在浏览器中,您可以使用URLSearchParams API,如下所示:
var params = new URLSearchParams(); params.append('param1', 'value1'); params.append('param2', 'value2'); axios.post('/foo', params);
请注意,所有浏览器都不支持URLSearchParams,但是有一个polyfill可用(确保polyfill全局环境)。
或者,您可以使用qs库对数据进行编码:
var qs = require('qs'); axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 });
Node.js
在node.js中,可以使用querystring模块,如下所示:
var querystring = require('querystring'); axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' });
你也可以使用qs库。
Promise
axios 依赖本机要支持ES6 Promise实现。 如果您的环境不支持ES6 Promises,您可以使用polyfill。
TypeScript
axios包括TypeScript定义。
import axios from 'axios'; axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
axios在很大程度上受到Angular提供的$http服务的启发。 最终,axios努力提供一个在Angular外使用的独立的$http-like服务。
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