


目录
简介
常用命令
功能
HTTP集群
TCP集群
代理
反向代理
集群
重定向
静态文件
HTTPS配置
常见问题
简介
Nginx ("engine x") 是一款轻量级,高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务器。
传输层的负载均衡有LVS(Linux) 和 NLB(Windows)
常用命令
nginx -v
// nginx 版本start nginx
// 启动nginx,不阻塞命令窗口nginx -s stop
|nginx -s quit
// 快速停止 | 有序退出nginx -s reload
// 加载配置重新启动
功能
代理
server { listen 8080; # 监听8080端口 resolver 114.114.114.114; # dns解析地址 location / { proxy_pass $scheme://$host$request_uri; # 代理到哪个地址 proxy_set_header Host $http_host; #allow 127.0.0.1; # 允许127.0.0.1地址访问 #deny all; # 禁止所有地址访问(allow位置在上面,所以127.0.0.1仍能访问) }}
反向代理
server { listen 8081; # 监听8080端口 server_name localhost; # 虚拟hostName location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081; # 反向代理到的服务器 }}
集群
HTTP集群
upstream clusterName { # 通过weight设置每台服务器分配请求站的权重,值越高分配的越多。 server 127.0.0.1:9000 weight=4; server 127.0.0.1:8082 weight=1; # ip_hash会计算ip对应hash值,然后分配到固定服务器 ip_hash; }location / { proxy_pass http://clusterName; # 反向代理到群集服务器 # 设置主机头和客户端真实地址,以便服务器获取客户端真实IP proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;}
TCP集群
-
和http同级
stream {server { listen 1034; proxy_pass app;}upstream app { server 192.168.0.111:5672; server 192.168.0.112:5672;}}
重定向
location / { rewrite ^/(.*)$ $1 permanent;}
flag
last – 基本上都用这个Flag。
break – 中止Rewirte,不在继续匹配
redirect – 返回临时重定向的HTTP状态302
permanent – 返回永久重定向的HTTP状态301
静态文件
location /^(.*) { root html; # 根目录为html文件夹 index $1 index.html index.htm; # $1表示正则匹配第一项}
绑定证书
# HTTPS server # server { listen 443 ssl; server_name localhost; ssl_certificate /nginx/server.cer; # 公钥(一般为公钥证书 + 中级证书) ssl_certificate_key /nginx/server.key; # 私钥 ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; }
常见问题
与IIS(80端口)冲突
停用IIS 80端口的网站
找到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/HTTP下的Start修改其值为0,重启电脑即可
被System占用
被IIS占用
nginx群集
如果nginx服务器挂了,那我们的站点就直接挂了,可以通过keepalived组件来搭建多台nginx服务提供服务。
error.log 错误日志:signal process started
并非错误,只要执行-s reload就会发出
The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of load balancing Nginx. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Linux network configuration can be completed through the following steps: 1. Configure the network interface, use the ip command to temporarily set or edit the configuration file persistence settings. 2. Set up a static IP, suitable for devices that require a fixed IP. 3. Manage the firewall and use the iptables or firewalld tools to control network traffic.

Maintenance mode plays a key role in Linux system management, helping to repair, upgrade and configuration changes. 1. Enter maintenance mode. You can select it through the GRUB menu or use the command "sudosystemctlisolaterscue.target". 2. In maintenance mode, you can perform file system repair and system update operations. 3. Advanced usage includes tasks such as resetting the root password. 4. Common errors such as not being able to enter maintenance mode or mount the file system, can be fixed by checking the GRUB configuration and using the fsck command.

The timing and reasons for using Linux maintenance mode: 1) When the system starts up, 2) When performing major system updates or upgrades, 3) When performing file system maintenance. Maintenance mode provides a safe and controlled environment, ensuring operational safety and efficiency, reducing impact on users, and enhancing system security.

Indispensable commands in Linux include: 1.ls: list directory contents; 2.cd: change working directory; 3.mkdir: create a new directory; 4.rm: delete file or directory; 5.cp: copy file or directory; 6.mv: move or rename file or directory. These commands help users manage files and systems efficiently by interacting with the kernel.

In Linux, file and directory management uses ls, cd, mkdir, rm, cp, mv commands, and permission management uses chmod, chown, and chgrp commands. 1. File and directory management commands such as ls-l list detailed information, mkdir-p recursively create directories. 2. Permission management commands such as chmod755file set file permissions, chownuserfile changes file owner, and chgrpgroupfile changes file group. These commands are based on file system structure and user and group systems, and operate and control through system calls and metadata.

MaintenanceModeinLinuxisaspecialbootenvironmentforcriticalsystemmaintenancetasks.Itallowsadministratorstoperformtaskslikeresettingpasswords,repairingfilesystems,andrecoveringfrombootfailuresinaminimalenvironment.ToenterMaintenanceMode,interrupttheboo

The core components of Linux include kernel, file system, shell, user and kernel space, device drivers, and performance optimization and best practices. 1) The kernel is the core of the system, managing hardware, memory and processes. 2) The file system organizes data and supports multiple types such as ext4, Btrfs and XFS. 3) Shell is the command center for users to interact with the system and supports scripting. 4) Separate user space from kernel space to ensure system stability. 5) The device driver connects the hardware to the operating system. 6) Performance optimization includes tuning system configuration and following best practices.

The five basic components of the Linux system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System library, 3. System utilities, 4. Graphical user interface, 5. Applications. The kernel manages hardware resources, the system library provides precompiled functions, system utilities are used for system management, the GUI provides visual interaction, and applications use these components to implement functions.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
