A brief introduction to Python

Objective

• Understand the history of Python

• Understand the characteristics of Python

• Understand Python Application

• Master the construction of Python development environment under Linux

• Understand the construction of Python environment under Windows

Case

• Install Python and write the first Python program

Section 1 A brief history of Python

What Is Python

• An interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics

Python programming

• is a programming language that allows you to maintain your own style when programming. You can achieve the functions you want without much effort, and the programs you write are clear and easy to understand.

A brief history of Python

• The development of Python can be divided into several important stages:

• CNRI period: CNRI is an important unit that funded the early development of Python. Most of the results before Python version 1.5 were completed during this period.

• BeOpen period: Guido van Rossum cooperated with BeOpen company. During this period, Python2.0 was launched, and even Python1.6 came out at the same time, but in principle they have been maintained separately.

• DC period: Guido has currently left BeOpen and brought the development team to Digital Creations (DC). The company is famous for developing the Zope system, so this cooperation is also attracting attention. .

• Python 3.0

Milestone

• Python wins the annual Tiobe Programming Language Award

• Python achieved significant market share growth in 2010. Since January 2010, Python's market share has increased by 1.81%, which is the fastest growing rate.

Section 2 Python Features

Positioning in the Python Programming Language

• Scripting Language

• High-level dynamic programming language

Easy to learn

• ##Python is a language that represents simplicity. This pseudocode nature of Python is one of its greatest strengths. It allows you to focus on solving problems rather than figuring out the language itself. Python has an extremely simple syntax and is easy to use.

Interpretability & Compilation

• Programs written in Python do not need to be compiled into binary code. It is possible to run programs directly from source code, but an interpreter is required. This is similar to Java or Matlab. In fact, I now prefer to think it is the latter.

• Python also has compilation and execution features.

Object-oriented

• Python supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. Compared to other major languages ​​such as C++ and Java, Python implements object-oriented programming in a very powerful and simple way. What confuses me is that the attributes of classes in Python don't seem to be that important, at least I don't understand it very well yet.

High-level language

• Use Python language to write programs without having to consider the bottom layer such as memory management.

Extensibility and embeddability

• You can write part of the program in C or C++, and then use them in Python programs. In contrast, Python can be embedded into C/C++ programs to provide scripting functions.

Free and open source

• Freely distribute copies of this software, read its source code, make changes to it, and use parts of it for use in new free software. At this stage, we don’t seem to care much about this.

Portability

• Due to its open source nature, Python has been ported on many platforms. If you can avoid using system-dependent features, then all Python programs can run on any platform without modification. Including Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Macintosh, Palm OS, QNX, VMS, Psion, Acom RISC OS, VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Window CE and even PocketPC!

Rich libraries

• Rich libraries seem to have become an important criterion for judging whether a programming language is powerful. The Python standard library is indeed huge. It can help you with various tasks, including regular expressions, document generation, unit testing, threads, databases, web browsers, CGI, FTP, email, XML, XML-RPC, HTML, WAV files, password systems, GUI , TK and other system-related operations. All these features are available as long as Python is installed. This is called Python's "full-featured" philosophy. In addition to the standard library, there are many other high-quality libraries (which seem to be called third parties), such as wxPython, Twisted, and the Python image library, etc.

Summary

• The perfect combination of ease of use and speed

• Focus on solving the problem The Prime Minister

• Cross-platform and easy to expand

• Automated memory management

• Built-in many high-level and practical data types

• Easy to combine Network program module

• Master key? No, Glue Language

Section 3 Application of Python

Google

• Implementing Web Crawler and many components in search engines.

Yahoo

• Yahoo uses it (among other technologies) to manage discussion groups.

NASA

• NASA uses Python both for development and as a scripting language in several of its systems.

YouTube

• The video sharing service is mostly written in Python.

Why did Douban choose the former between Python and Ruby?

• Ruby is very famous, but not many people actually use it in China.

• Python's "usability" is much better, and Java already occupies an important position in traditional large-scale applications.

• Although Python is not as powerful as Perl's libraries, many libraries are still widely used in large businesses and are much more stable than Ruby.

• The simplicity of Python.

• Still used, it is said that Ruby was created by Little Japan.

• Others: All rooted in Unix system, Google uses Python.

Section 4: Building the Python environment

Linux environment

• Most Linux distributions have the Python environment installed by default. If you want to download different versions, you can download them from www.python.org. For software installation methods, refer to Linux software installation.

• Enter Python to start Python interactive mode

• Program editors recommend using VIM

Windows environment

• You can download and install the python msi and install it directly

• Comes with python GUI development environment

• Many development tools

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